OK
https://www.economist.com/
Egypt
Country
Network
September 16, 2024, 04:22 PM UTC
Date & Time
Websites
Websites
Runtime: 7.3s
On September 16, 2024, 04:22 PM UTC, https://www.economist.com/ was accessible when tested on AS8452 in Egypt.

Failures

HTTP Experiment
null
DNS Experiment
null
Control
null

DNS Queries

Resolver:
163.121.128.206
Query:
IN A www.economist.com
Engine:
system
Name
Class
TTL
Type
DATA
@
IN
A
104.18.42.19
@
IN
A
172.64.145.237

TCP Connections

Connection to 172.64.145.237:443 succeeded.
Connection to 104.18.42.19:443 succeeded.

HTTP Requests

URL
GET https://www.economist.com/
Response Headers
Alt-Svc:
h3=":443"; ma=86400
Cache-Control:
public,must-revalidate,max-age=300,s-maxage=0
Cf-Cache-Status:
DYNAMIC
Cf-Ray:
8c41dcc48ab10f66-MXP
Content-Type:
text/html; charset=utf-8
Date:
Mon, 16 Sep 2024 15:24:15 GMT
Server:
cloudflare
Set-Cookie:
economist_has_visited_app_before=true; Path=/; expires=Mon, 16 Dec 2024 15:24:15 GMT;
Via:
1.1 e0a64c98ae6881b0a4407c0d5378d388.cloudfront.net (CloudFront)
X-Amz-Cf-Id:
vpb7dUHRGulsQDpeYF11EFzTgzJZ2CEtAihvukM0Q8GYP24hZor9jw==
X-Amz-Cf-Pop:
MXP63-P4
X-Cache:
Miss from cloudfront
X-Economist-Features:
SF_SIGNPOSTING,SOURCEPOINT,ONBOARDING_NOTIFICATION,ONBOARDING_GROUP_NOTIFICATION,LAPSED_USER_NOTIFICATION,CP2_ARTICLE,REGISTRANT_ONBOARDING,TWA_HOMEPAGE,TOPIC_PAGE,CUE_HOMEPAGE,ARTICLE_TAGS,GROUP_SUBSCRIBER_WELCOME_MODAL,GROUP_ONE_TIME_COOKIE_BANNER,TYPE_QUERY_MIDDLEWARE,ARTICLE_INTERVENTION_BANNER,SHOW_AI_SEARCH_CTA,CP2_ARTICLE_EDITION,TEASER_CARD_TIME_FIELD,TWIB_TIMEZONE,CP2_REPORTS,CP2_TYPE_QUERY,SEARCH_PROXY_API,ZEPHR_ACQUISITION_BANNERS,LOAD_SOURCEPOINT_SCRIPTS_HIGHER,CP2_CACHED_URL,CP2_ARTICLE_MORE_FROM,CP2_TWIB,B2B_PERSONALISED_RECOMMENDATIONS,CP2_IN_BRIEF_REDIRECT
X-Economist-Host:
www.economist.com
Response Body
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theme="[object Object]" fetchpriority="high" alt="" width="1280" height="720" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" sizes="(min-width: 1440px) 700px, (min-width: 1280px) 600px, (min-width: 960px) 66vw, 90vw" srcSet="https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=256,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240921_AMP701.jpg 256w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=360,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240921_AMP701.jpg 360w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=384,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240921_AMP701.jpg 384w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=480,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240921_AMP701.jpg 480w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=600,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240921_AMP701.jpg 600w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=834,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240921_AMP701.jpg 834w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=960,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240921_AMP701.jpg 960w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=1096,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240921_AMP701.jpg 1096w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=1280,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240921_AMP701.jpg 1280w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=1424,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240921_AMP701.jpg 1424w" src="https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=1424,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240921_AMP701.jpg"/></figure></div><div class="css-0 e1ik1iw00"><style data-emotion="css 1cn46a4">.css-1cn46a4{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;color:var(--ds-color-economist-red);font-family:var(--ds-type-system-sans-lining);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale--1);line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-lower);}.css-1cn46a4 svg{margin-right:0.125rem;}.css-1cn46a4+*{margin-top:0.125rem;}</style><p class="css-1cn46a4 e8l300f0"> <!-- -->United States</p><style data-emotion="css 9t3nig">.css-9t3nig{font-family:var(--ds-type-system-serif-lining);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-4);font-weight:normal;line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-upper);}.css-9t3nig a{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:var(--ds-color-london-5);display:block;}.css-9t3nig a:hover,.css-9t3nig a:hover{color:var(--ds-color-chicago-30);-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-9t3nig a:focus,.css-9t3nig a:focus{background-color:var(--ds-color-chicago-95);color:var(--ds-color-london-5);outline:none;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-9t3nig a:active,.css-9t3nig a:active{color:var(--ds-color-chicago-30);}.css-9t3nig a::before{bottom:0;content:'';display:block;left:0;opacity:0;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;right:0;text-indent:-999em;top:0;white-space:nowrap;z-index:1;}.css-9t3nig+.e7x1xmz0,.css-9t3nig+style+.e7x1xmz0{margin-top:0.5rem;}.e1p220na0 .css-9t3nig+.e7x1xmz0{margin-top:0;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.css-9t3nig{font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-5);}}@media (min-width: 60rem){.css-9t3nig{font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-6);}}</style><h3 class="css-9t3nig e7j57mt0"><a href="/united-states/2024/09/16/another-attempt-to-kill-trump-raises-fears-of-political-violence" data-analytics="top_stories:headline_1">Another attempt to kill Trump raises fears of political violence</a></h3><style data-emotion="css hv6hrz">.css-hv6hrz{color:var(--ds-color-london-5);font-family:var(--ds-type-system-serif);max-width:43.75rem;font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-1);line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-lower);}</style><p class="css-hv6hrz e7x1xmz0">Republicans and Democrats must again try to avoid politicising a failed assassination</p></div></div></div><style data-emotion="css 5wqte6">.css-5wqte6{grid-area:second;position:relative;-webkit-align-self:auto;-ms-flex-item-align:auto;align-self:auto;}.css-5wqte6::after{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-85);content:'';height:100%;position:absolute;right:-1rem;right:calc(-1 * var(--ds-grid-gap));top:0;width:1px;}.css-5wqte6:last-child::after{height:0;}</style><div class="css-5wqte6 en4o1560"><style data-emotion="css epjhwc">.css-epjhwc{position:relative;width:100%;margin-top:0;overflow:hidden;display:block;}.eeawncf0 .css-epjhwc,.e1ns5z760 .css-epjhwc{margin-top:-0.25rem;margin-bottom:0;}@media (min-width: 22.5rem){.eeawncf0 .css-epjhwc,.e1ns5z760 .css-epjhwc{margin-top:-0.25rem;margin-bottom:0;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.eeawncf0 .css-epjhwc,.e1ns5z760 .css-epjhwc{margin-top:-0.25rem;margin-bottom:0;}}@media (min-width: 60rem){.eeawncf0 .css-epjhwc,.e1ns5z760 .css-epjhwc{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.eeawncf0 .css-epjhwc,.e1ns5z760 .css-epjhwc{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;}}.e1ft9m2r0 .css-epjhwc{margin-left:0.75rem;margin-top:0;}@media (max-width:29.9375rem){.e1ft9m2r0 .css-epjhwc{padding-top:0.375rem;}}.e7008vq0 .css-epjhwc{padding-bottom:1.5rem;border-bottom:var(--ds-border-rule);}@media (min-width: 60rem){.css-epjhwc{display:block;}}</style><div class="css-epjhwc e1tkrji50"><style data-emotion="css onl6tg">.css-onl6tg{position:relative;float:none;width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;}.css-onl6tg img{display:block;}.css-onl6tg svg{bottom:0;display:block;left:0;position:absolute;width:15%;}.css-onl6tg+.e1ik1iw00{margin-top:0.5rem;}.css-onl6tg+style+.e1ik1iw00{margin-top:0.5rem;}.css-onl6tg+.e7j57mt0{margin-top:0.5rem;}.css-onl6tg+style+.e7j57mt0{margin-top:0.5rem;}.css-onl6tg+.e8l300f0{margin-top:0.5rem;}.css-onl6tg+style+.e8l300f0{margin-top:0.5rem;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.css-onl6tg{float:right;margin:0.25rem 0 0 1.5rem;width:50%;padding:0;}.css-onl6tg+.e1ik1iw00{margin-top:0;}.css-onl6tg+.e7j57mt0{margin-top:0;}.css-onl6tg+.e8l300f0{margin-top:0;}}@media (min-width: 60rem){.css-onl6tg{float:none;width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;}.css-onl6tg+.e1ik1iw00{margin-top:0.5rem;}.css-onl6tg+style+.e1ik1iw00{margin-top:0.5rem;}.css-onl6tg+.e7j57mt0{margin-top:0.5rem;}.css-onl6tg+style+.e7j57mt0{margin-top:0.5rem;}.css-onl6tg+.e8l300f0{margin-top:0.5rem;}.css-onl6tg+style+.e8l300f0{margin-top:0.5rem;}}</style><div class="css-onl6tg e1jjvxhk0"><figure class="css-j0a8mg e1197rjj0"><img theme="[object Object]" alt="" loading="lazy" width="1280" height="720" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" sizes="(min-width: 1440px) 335px, (min-width: 1280px) 22.5vw, (min-width: 960px) 30vw, (min-width: 600px) 47.5vw, 95vw" srcSet="https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=128,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240914_EUP505.jpg 128w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=256,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240914_EUP505.jpg 256w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=360,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240914_EUP505.jpg 360w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=384,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240914_EUP505.jpg 384w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=480,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240914_EUP505.jpg 480w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=600,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240914_EUP505.jpg 600w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=834,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240914_EUP505.jpg 834w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=960,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240914_EUP505.jpg 960w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=1096,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240914_EUP505.jpg 1096w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=1280,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240914_EUP505.jpg 1280w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=1424,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240914_EUP505.jpg 1424w" src="https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=1424,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240914_EUP505.jpg"/></figure></div><div class="css-0 e1ik1iw00"><p class="css-1cn46a4 e8l300f0"> <!-- -->Europe</p><style data-emotion="css 107bvwz">.css-107bvwz{font-family:var(--ds-type-system-serif-lining);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-3);font-weight:normal;line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-upper);}.css-107bvwz a{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:var(--ds-color-london-5);display:block;}.css-107bvwz a:hover,.css-107bvwz a:hover{color:var(--ds-color-chicago-30);-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-107bvwz a:focus,.css-107bvwz a:focus{background-color:var(--ds-color-chicago-95);color:var(--ds-color-london-5);outline:none;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-107bvwz a:active,.css-107bvwz a:active{color:var(--ds-color-chicago-30);}.css-107bvwz a::before{bottom:0;content:'';display:block;left:0;opacity:0;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;right:0;text-indent:-999em;top:0;white-space:nowrap;z-index:1;}.css-107bvwz+.e7x1xmz0,.css-107bvwz+style+.e7x1xmz0{margin-top:0.5rem;}.e1p220na0 .css-107bvwz+.e7x1xmz0{margin-top:0;}</style><h3 class="css-107bvwz e7j57mt0"><a href="/europe/2024/09/15/america-keeps-ukraine-fighting-with-its-hands-tied" data-analytics="top_stories:headline_2">America keeps Ukraine fighting with its hands tied</a></h3><p class="css-llqkfq e7x1xmz0">Russian missiles blast its cities, but it still cannot strike back</p></div></div><style data-emotion="css 1cekwqg">.css-1cekwqg{border-width:0;border-top:1px solid var(--ds-color-london-85);margin:1.5rem 0;margin:1.5rem 0 1.25rem 0;width:100%;}</style><hr class="css-1cekwqg e188esf01"/><style data-emotion="css 1oxgqf4">.css-1oxgqf4{position:relative;width:100%;margin-top:0;overflow:hidden;display:block;}.eeawncf0 .css-1oxgqf4,.e1ns5z760 .css-1oxgqf4{margin-top:-0.25rem;margin-bottom:0;}@media (min-width: 22.5rem){.eeawncf0 .css-1oxgqf4,.e1ns5z760 .css-1oxgqf4{margin-top:-0.25rem;margin-bottom:0;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.eeawncf0 .css-1oxgqf4,.e1ns5z760 .css-1oxgqf4{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 60rem){.eeawncf0 .css-1oxgqf4,.e1ns5z760 .css-1oxgqf4{margin-top:-0.25rem;margin-bottom:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.eeawncf0 .css-1oxgqf4,.e1ns5z760 .css-1oxgqf4{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:1.5rem;}}.e1ft9m2r0 .css-1oxgqf4{margin-left:0.75rem;margin-top:0;}@media (max-width:29.9375rem){.e1ft9m2r0 .css-1oxgqf4{padding-top:0.375rem;}}.e7008vq0 .css-1oxgqf4{padding-bottom:1.5rem;border-bottom:var(--ds-border-rule);}@media (min-width: 60rem){.css-1oxgqf4{display:block;}}</style><div class="css-1oxgqf4 e1tkrji50"><div class="css-0 e1ik1iw00"><p class="css-1cn46a4 e8l300f0"> <!-- -->Finance &amp; economics</p><h3 class="css-107bvwz e7j57mt0"><a href="/finance-and-economics/2024/09/15/how-chinas-communists-fell-in-love-with-privatisation" data-analytics="top_stories:headline_3">How China’s communists fell in love with privatisation</a></h3><p class="css-llqkfq e7x1xmz0">Even though they are not very good at it</p></div></div><style data-emotion="css jzdb0t">.css-jzdb0t{border-width:0;border-top:1px solid var(--ds-color-london-85);margin:1.5rem 0;margin:1.5rem 0 0;width:100%;display:block;}@media (min-width: 60rem){.css-jzdb0t{display:none;}}</style><hr class="css-jzdb0t e188esf01"/></div><style data-emotion="css jezcio">.css-jezcio{border-width:0;border-top:1px solid var(--ds-color-london-85);grid-area:line;margin:0;width:100%;display:none;}@media (min-width: 60rem){.css-jezcio{display:block;}}</style><hr class="css-jezcio e188esf01"/><style data-emotion="css 6poim0">.css-6poim0{grid-area:side;position:relative;-webkit-align-self:auto;-ms-flex-item-align:auto;align-self:auto;}.css-6poim0:last-child::after{height:0;}</style><div class="css-6poim0 en4o1560"><style data-emotion="css npe7f6">.css-npe7f6{border-width:0;border-top:1px solid var(--ds-color-london-85);margin:1.5rem 0;margin:-1.5rem 0 1.5rem 0;width:100%;display:block;}@media (min-width: 60rem){.css-npe7f6{display:none;}}</style><hr class="css-npe7f6 e188esf01"/><style data-emotion="css 10fa995">.css-10fa995{background-color:var(--ds-color-los-angeles-95);box-sizing:border-box;padding:0 var(--ds-grid-gap) 1.5rem;font-family:var(--ds-type-system-sans);position:relative;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;}.css-10fa995 .e14rcxam0 small{font-family:inherit;font-variant:small-caps no-common-ligatures no-discretionary-ligatures no-historical-ligatures no-contextual;line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-lower);text-transform:lowercase;}.css-10fa995 ._timestamp{color:var(--ds-color-london-35);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale--2);font-weight:300;}.css-10fa995 ._gobbet{margin-top:1.375rem;max-width:32rem;margin-left:0;}.css-10fa995 ._gobbet p{font-family:var(--ds-type-system-sans);font-weight:400;font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-0);line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-lower);color:var(--ds-color-london-20);}.css-10fa995 ._cta{margin-top:2rem;}.css-10fa995 ._cta .ds-emphasised-link::before{bottom:0;content:'';display:block;left:0;opacity:0;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;right:0;text-indent:-999em;top:0;white-space:nowrap;z-index:1;}</style><div class="css-10fa995 e136yl5o0"><div class="_content"><h2 class="ds-section-headline ds-section-headline--rule-accent">The world in brief</h2><style data-emotion="css 1tbx9xw">.css-1tbx9xw{color:var(--ds-color-london-5);font-family:var(--ds-type-system-serif);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-1);line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-lower);}.css-1tbx9xw b,.css-1tbx9xw strong{font-weight:600;}.css-1tbx9xw em,.css-1tbx9xw i{font-style:italic;}.css-1tbx9xw small{color:var(--ds-color-london-5);display:inline;font-family:var(--ds-type-system-serif-smallcaps);font-size:inherit;font-variant-ligatures:none;text-transform:lowercase;}.css-1tbx9xw sub{font-size:smaller;position:relative;top:0.25rem;vertical-align:baseline;}.css-1tbx9xw sup{bottom:0.5rem;font-size:smaller;position:relative;vertical

Resolver

Resolver ASN
AS8452
Resolver IP
163.121.128.206
Resolver Network Name
TE-AS
Report ID
20240916T151030Z_webconnectivity_EG_8452_n1_7a0fFkcoCoZ0HzQ2
Platform
android
Software Name
ooniprobe-android-unattended (3.7.0)
Measurement Engine
ooniprobe-engine (3.15.2)

Raw Measurement Data

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