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<li><a href="../byblos-priests-spells.html" target="_self">Snake Spells</a></li>
<li><a href="../trade.html" target="_self">Trade</a></li>
<li><a href="../wenamun.html" target="_self">Wenamun and Wood</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="../#" target="_self">V. I. Phoenicians</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="../assemani.html" target="_self">Assemani, Yousef</a></li>
<li><a href="../staugustine.html" target="_self">Augustine, Saint</a></li>
<li><a href="../sportsarch.html" target="_self">Boutros, Labib</a></li>
<li><a href="../honor.html" target="_self">Chehab, Emir Maurice</a></li>
<li><a href="../chrysippus.html" target="_self">Chrysippus, Philosopher of Soli</a></li>
<li><a href="../corm.html" target="_self">Corm, Charles</a></li>
<li><a href="../cyprian.html" target="_self">Cyprian, Saint of Carthage</a></li>
<li><a href="../elissardidobio.html" target="_self">Elissar, Dido Queen of Carthage</a></li>
<li><a href="../europa.html" target="_self">Europa, Princes</a></li>
<li><a href="../carthafamous.html" target="_self">Famous Carthaginians</a></li>
<li><a href="../ethiopia.html" target="_self">Frumenius, Saint</a></li>
<li><a href="../hannibal.html" target="_self">Hannibal, General</a></li>
<li><a href="../proutes.html" target="_self">Hanno, Voyager</a></li>
<li><a href="../himilco.html" target="_self">Himilco, Voyager</a></li>
<li><a href="../iamblichus.html" target="_self">Iamblichus, Philosopher of Beqaa</a></li>
<li><a href="../maphall.html" target="_self">Marinus of Tyre, Cartographer</a></li>
<li><a href="../matrona.html" target="_self">Matrona of Perge, Saint</a></li>
<li><a href="../inmemoriammaymurr.html" target="_self">Murr, May</a></li>
<li><a href="../leo.html" target="_self">Leo III, Emperor</a></li>
<li><a href="../jezebel.html" target="_self">Jezebel, Queen of Israel</a></li>
<li><a href="../theomythology.html" target="_self">Philo of Byblos</a></li>
<li><a href="../stpamphilus.html" target="_self">Pamphilus, Saint</a></li>
<li><a href="../popes.html" target="_self">Popes of Phoenicia</a></li>
<li><a href="../porphyry.html" target="_self">Porphyry Malchus, Philosopher</a></li>
<li><a href="../pythagoras.html" target="_self">Pythagoras, Mathematician</a></li>
<li><a href="../creation.html" target="_self">Sanchuniathon, Priest</a></li>
<li><a href="../septiumiusseverus.html" target="_self">Severus, Emperor Septimius</a></li>
<li><a href="../tertullian.html" target="_self">Tertullian, Church Writer of<br />
Carthage</a></li>
<li><a href="../thales.html" target="_self">Thales of Militus, Philosopher</a></li>
<li><a href="../zakhir.html" target="_self">Zakhir, Abdallah, Inventor of <br />
First Arabic Press</a></li>
<li><a href="../zenocit.html" target="_self">Zeno of Citium, Philosopher</a></li>
<li><a href="../zeno.html" target="_self">Zeno of Sidon, Philosopher</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#" target="_self">Religion</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#" target="_self">Christian</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="../aramaicjesus.html" target="_self">The Aramaic of Jesus</a></li>
<li><a href="../assemani.html" target="_self">Assemanis</a></li>
<li><a href="../Why-Jesus-visited-Tyre-Holy-Virgin-priestly-lineage.html" target="_self">B. V. Mary Priestly Lineage
and Kings of Tyre</a></li>
<li><a href="../statueandicon.html" target="_self">Christ's Miraculous Icon
of Berytus (Beirut) and Statue of Caesarea</a></li>
<li><a href="../First-Apostolic-Christians.html" target="_self">Christians of Phoenicia</a></li>
<li><a href="../historychartchristian.html" target="_self">Christian Milestones</a></li>
<li><a href="../church-of-phoenicia.html" target="_self">Church of Phoenicia</a></li>
<li><a href="../greek-melkite-catholic.html" target="_self">Greek Melkite Catholic</a></li>
<li><a href="../orthodox-antioch-union.html" target="_self">Conception of Union in the Orthodox Antioch Church</a></li>
<li><a href="../maronites.html" target="_self">Maronites</a></li>
<li><a href="../perpetuafelicity.html" target="_self">Martyrs of Phoenicia</a></li>
<li><a href="../matrona.html" target="_self">Matrona</a></li>
<li><a href="../melkites.html" target="_self">Melkites</a></li>
<li><a href="../metropolitan.html" target="_self">Bishops of Phoenicia</a></li>
<li><a href="../orthodox-antioch-union.html" target="_self">Orthodox Antioch</a></li>
<li><a href="../stpamphilus.html" target="_self">Pamphilus, Saint</a></li>
<li><a href="../popes.html" target="_self">Popes of Phoenicia</a></li>
<li><a href="../syriacs.html" target="_self">Syriacs</a></li>
<li><a href="../syriacchronicle.html" target="_self">Syriac Chronicle</a></li>
<li><a href="../syriac.html" target="_self">Syriac Language</a></li>
<li><a href="../syriactheoschools.html" target="_self">Syriac School</a></li>
<li><a href="../syriacwritings.html" target="_self">Syriac Writings</a></li>
<li><a href="../zakhir.html" target="_self">Zakher, Abdallah</a></li>
<li><a href="../Zakher-Presses/index.htm" target="_self">Zakher's Printing Press</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#" target="_self">Pagan</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="../adonis.html" target="_self">Adonis, god</a></li>
<li><a href="../atlantisplato.html" target="_self">Atlantis, gods of</a></li>
<li><a href="../exterminatecanaanites.html" target="_self">Exterminate Canaanites</a></li>
<li><a href="../pagan.html" target="_self">Pagan Faith</a></li>
<li><a href="../Canaanite-Phoenician-Religion.html" target="_self">Religion</a></li>
<li><a href="../millinia.html" target="_self">Religions Across Millenia</a></li>
<li class="phoebody1bold"><a href="../byblos-priests-spells.html" target="_self">Snake Spells</a></li>
<li><a href="../temple.html" target="_self">Temple of Solomon</a></li>
<li><a href="../godidea.html" target="_self">Theogony</a></li>
<li><a href="../theomythology.html" target="_self">Theology of Phoenicians</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#" target="_self">Knowledge</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="../alphabet.html" target="_self">Alphabet</a></li>
<li><a href="../architecture.html" target="_self">Architecture</a></li>
<li><a href="../carthagearmor.html" target="_self">Arms and Armor</a></li>
<li><a href="../cadmus.html" target="_self">Cadmus Teaches Greeks</a></li>
<li><a href="../dentstry.html" target="_self">Dentistry</a></li>
<li><a href="../puniceconomy.html" target="_self">Economy</a></li>
<li><a href="../proutes.html" target="_self">Hanno's Voyages</a></li>
<li><a href="../himilco.html" target="_self">Himilco Voyages</a></li>
<li><a href="../interest.html" target="_self">Interest on Money</a></li>
<li><a href="../law.html" target="_self">Law, Berytus Nutrix Legum<br />
Beirut, Mother of Laws, بيروت أم الشرائع</a></li>
<li><a href="../argentine-phoenician-documentary.html" target="_self">Película documental:<br />
Líbano a la civilización</a></li>
<li><a href="../byblos-priests-spells.html" target="_self">Magic Spells</a></li>
<li><a href="../maphall.htm" target="_self">Maps, Hall of</a></li>
<li><a href="../music.html" target="_self">Music</a></li>
<li><a href="../nongreek-stromata.html" target="_self">Non-Greek Philosophy</a></li>
<li><a href="../Old-Hebrew-Language-Script-Were-Phoenician.html" target="_self">Old Hebrew was Phoenician</a></li>
<li><a href="../Discovery-Raampa-Pictography-Senegambia.html" target="_self">Pictograms</a></li>
<li><a href="../Phoenician-Punic-Translation-Bible.html" target="_self">Punic Translation of the Bible</a></li>
<li><a href="../Christians-Translate-for-Arabs.html" target="_self">Science, Greek Books<br />
Translated by Eastern Christians<br />
and Civilized Arabs</a></li>
<li><a href="../ships.html" target="_self">Ships</a></li>
<li><a href="../time.html" target="_self">Time Concept</a></li>
<li><a href="../wine.html" target="_self">Wine, Phoenician</a></li>
<li><a href="../proutes.html" target="_self">Voyages, Ancient</a></li>
<li><a href="../circumnavigationnew.html" target="_self">Voyages, Modern</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#" target="_self">Bibliography</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="../bibliogr.html" target="_self">Sources References</a></li>
<li><a href="../byblosmart.html" target="_self">Books on Phoenicians</a></li>
<li><a href="../karam.html" target="_self">Certaines publications sur<br />
le sujet des Phéniciens</a></li>
<li><a href="../phoeniciandictionary.html" target="_self">Dictionary, Phoenician</a></li>
<li><a href="../dido1.html" target="_self">Dido Delivered, 4 Acts Drama in Italian</a></li>
<li><a href="../press.html" target="_self">Grammar, Phoenician</a></li>
<li><a href="../Online-Resources.html" target="_self">Online Resources</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#" target="_self">Author</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="../Author-PhoeniciaOrg.html" target="_self">Author's Page</a></li>
<li><a href="../souk-el-gharb-bmakine.html" target="_self">My Hometowns: Souk <br />
El-Gharb &amp Bmakine</a></li>
<li><a href="../patriarchs.html" target="_self">Hometown Matriarchs<br />
&amp Patriarchs</a></li>
<li><a href="../farcego-art-palace.html" target="_self">Little Fun: <br />
Palace of Art</a></li>
<li><a href="../coronation.html" target="_self">Music (Composition)</a></li>
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<h3>Mission Statement</h3>
<div>
<p>This is an anthology and encyclopedic reference to Canaan/ Phoenicia and its people. (Please see <a href="noframe.html" target="_blank">Introduction: Summary</a>).</p>
<p><span class="phoefootnotes"><b>Note:</b> Phoenicians,
Canaanites & Punic/ Carthaginians are the same people: Eastern
Canaanites called Phoenicians by the Greeks & Western Canaanites
called Punic by the Romans. Both referred to themselves as Canaanite.</span> <img src="https://phoenicia.org/imgs/blank.gif" width="339" height="5" alt="blank"></p>
</div>
<h3>Approach to History</h3>
<div>
<p> In writing this history, I tried to be open to new and controversial subjects. In some instances; hence, some sections may contradict others in the same site. Yet, I would not tolerate blatant, outrageous claims. I categorically affirm that I have <strong><font style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: yellow"> NO political, religious or ethnic agenda</font></strong> that promotes or dissemination information about my Phoenician Canaanite ancestors. Suggestions of nationalism, fanaticism or political propaganda are emphatically rejected. <br>
<br>
<br>
The history covers the original Canaanite Phoenicians. Also, it covers the various ethnic groups who intermarried with them, over thousands of years. The main stock of these people is Canaanite Phoenician, which has been scientifically proven by recent studies. They also include others who assimilated by choice or invasion. Therefore, the Philistines, Assyrians, Macedonians, Mesopotamian, Persian, Greeks, Romans, Syriacs, Byzantines...etc. that settled in Canaan/Phoenicia or its colonies and called them their homes are included in this scope. The site is not meant to be nationalistic but attempts to identify the said people's contribution to the ancient and modern world. </p>
</div>
<h3>Phoenicia Died Out Misinformation</h3>
<div>
<p>Many ignorant historians claim that Phoenicia ceased to exist in 64 B.C. That "happened" when it became part of the Roman world. But, in 425 A.D. official Roman records show the division of Phoenicia Prima into two provinces: <a href="syria.html" target="_blank">Phoenicia
Maritima and Phoenicia Libanensis</a>. In the early Byzantine times, the Count of Phoenicia governed Phoenicia. In 380 A.D., Saint Jerome wrote: <span class="italic">'Damnatur Origenes a Demetrio episeopo exceptis Palaestinae...et Phoenicis atque Achaiae sacerdotibus' </span>since 231 A.D. This means that he considered Phoenicia as a separate entity. </p>
<p class="phoebody1"><br>
At the council of Nicaea in 325 A.D., eleven bishops were present from Phoenicia. They were the bishops of Tyre, Damascus, Sidon, Tripolis, Paneas, Berytus, Palmyra, Ptolemais, Alasus, Emesa, and Antaradus. Saint Augustine (400 AD) witnesses to the same account of Saint Jerome. The Church Councils of Tyre (449 & 515 AD), do the same, as well. And last but not least, the Fall of Phoenicia to the Arabs (640 AD), testify to the continued existence of Phoenicia, in the seventh century. Finally, Church tradition of naming the major bishops of Phoenicia, honorary, living title of <span class="italic">'Metropolitan Archbishop of Phoenicia Maritima.'</span> Lebanese bishops continue to carry this title today (see <a href="metropolitan.html" target="_blank">page
with translation</a> -- MP3 Byzantine psaltica chants: <a href="mp3midi/metropolitanbeirut.mp3" target="_blank">Bishop
of Beirut</a> & <a href="mp3midi/metropolitantripoli.mp3" target="_blank">Bishop
of Tripoli</a>) are a few of many solid proofs that Phoenicia and its people live on despite the misinformation. </p>
</div>
<h3>Religious Books & Historical Fiction</h3>
<div>
<p>There is some history in the Bible, Torah, and other religious writings. Using any of these books for historical research and discussions is unacceptable. I am a Melkite Greek Christian and do respect the Bible as a book of faith, not a book of history. Holy books and their mythological stories are unreliable historical sources. Yet, limited historical outlines from the Bible may be referenced, in very limited terms. I reject "proofs" of historical or genealogical significance based on religious books. If you don't like my statement, leave this site immediately. <span class="phoebody1bold">Heretical Fundamentalist (Evangelicals) Christians, conservative Jews or radical Muslims,</span> must consider themselves warned. They will be severely dealt with if they badger me with their impudent e-mails. In short, <span class="phoebody1bold">you may not question my opinion on didactic, not a literal interpretation of holy books. </span></p>
</div>
<h3>The Semites -- A name invented in the 1700's</h3>
<div>
<p><a href="letters.html#Fundamentslist" target="_blank">Bible fanatics</a> continue to shamefully write to me on the Phoenicians. They claim the Canaanite Phoenicians were "cursed" by God. Their silly reason is they are descendent of Shem (Sam, son of Noah), using the Bible as supporting "evidence." This claim is completely unfounded. There is no archaeological proof that Noah existed. His flood story stolen from the Epic of Gilgamesh is a travesty. Too many people, use the noun Semite, as if a race with this name existed. The term Semites refers to a group of people who inhabited the Levant and spoke similar languages. They were not of the same ethnic, genetical or cultural group. They were Arabs, Israelis, Phoenicians, Aramaeans, Syriac...etc. Many use the expression based on the unfounded, mythical Biblical table of nations. I mean the descendants of the fictional character Noah and his sons, Shem, Ham or Japheth. The term Semite does not have any historical origin. It came into use at the end of the 18th century* and thereafter became a standard technical term. The name Semite used without denoting true ethnicity, but speakers of similar languages. The same applies to Hamites & Japhethites. Common mistakes in history happen all the time. Today, too many combine all the peoples of the Middle East into one pan-Arab group. <br>
<b>________________<font color="9900cc"><br>
</font></b><font color="006699"> <span class="phoefootnotes">* The term Semite was proposed
at first for the languages related to the Hebrew by Ludwig Schlözer,
in Eichhorn's 'Repertorium', vol. VIII (Leipzig, 1781), p. 161.
Through Eichhorn the name then came into general usage (cf. his
'Einleitung in das Alte Testament' (Leipzig, 1787), I, p. 45.
In his 'Gesch. der neuen Sprachenkunde', pt. I (Göttingen, 1807)
it had already become a fixed technical term. <em>The Catholic
Encyclopedia, Volume XIII</em></span></font> </p>
</div>
<h3>I Accuse Eurocentrics, Judeocentrics, Arabists & Evangelical Fundamentalist for Stifling Phoenician History </h3>
<div>
<div>
<p>It became clear, during my research, that various ideologies affected Phoenician history. Historians and archaeologists were quick to credit Europeans or Jews for Phoenician achievements. <a href="letters.html#HellenisticNazi" target="_blank">Hellenistic supremacist</a> thought the Greeks had exclusive access to knowledge. They ignored the Phoenician connection and credited the Greeks, Romans or Israelites.</p>
<p>Comments or correspondence about these points are not open for discussion. ABUSE of open dialogue has made this measure necessary. All other subjects are, of course, open for discussions. </p>
</div>
</div>
<h3>Canaanite Phoenicians are not Arabs, Israelis, or sub-Saharan (black) Africans. They originated in Phoenicia 10,000 years ago and did not immigrant from Arabia or any other place.</h3>
<div>
<p>Canaanite Phoenicians are not Arabs, Israelis, or sub-Saharan (black) Africans. They originated in Phoenicia 10,000 years ago and did not immigrant from Arabia or any other place. Genetic, scientific studies prove this beyond the shadow of a doubt.<b><font color="9900cc"><img src="https://phoenicia.org/imgs/couple.jpg" alt="couple" width="207" height="122" align="right"></font></b></p>
<p>Minimalists/nihilists reject the five books of Moses. They suggest someone wrote them in the seventh century B.C. Somehow, they claim that the Israelites were actually Canaanites themselves. This confuses Phoenician Canaanite history with Israeli history (see the page entitled <a href="steal.html" target="_blank">'Stealing</a>'). The same is further confounded by Evangelicals, British Israelists and the fishy story of the tribe of Dan. It is the so-called lost tribe of Israel and considered Phoenician. Also, what precedes is further confused by fiction taught by the Latter Day Saints (LDS) church, the Mormons.</p>
</div>
<h3>Roman Bad Press, Antagonistic Bible Writers and Fanatics</h3>
<div>
<p>Also, anti-Phoenician sentiments were the result of bad press by Roman historians. <span id="p7"> This appeared after the Punic Wars and the defeat of Carthage. Further, antagonistic writers of the Bible expressed their hatred of the Phoenician religion. Please see examples in the story of Jezebel, Elijah, and others. Phoenician Queen Jezebel of Israel (a Phoenician Princess)</span> brought her pagan religion to Israel. Fundamentalists obsessed with the literal interpretation of their religious books made matters worse. Finally, the political fanaticism of others with various agendas clouds the truth even further.</p>
</div>
<h3>Arabists' Antagonism</h3>
<div>
<p>Many groups of various religious backgrounds from countries, in
Lebanon and the Levant, <a href="letters.html#Arab" target="_blank">Pan-Arabists</a> or fanatical pan-Islamists, cannot tolerate the mention of the Phoenicians. They refuse to hear about them or their descendants in the modern world. They assume such a mention has political and religious overtones. The same people carry Canaanite Phoenician DNA. <span class="phoebody1bold">Phoenician does not mean Maronite Christian</span>. It is something which nobody claims but which <a href="letters.html#Arab" target="_blank">Arabists</a> assume. Further, there is no reason for them, who suffer from this <span class="phoebody1bold">Phoenician Inferiority Complex</span>, to deny their heritage. Such people have no shame and are fools to ignore their great heritage. At the same time, many Lebanese, Syrians, and Western Mediterraneans (North African Muslim Arabs), including Europeans, do not share this opinion. These groups accept Phoenician as their heritage and ancestry. Also, they are proud of this heritage. Please see: Testimonial Page on <a href="cartunis.html" target="_blank">'Tunisia'</a> and the '<a href="testimonial.html" target="_blank">Am I?'</a>. Regardless, Canaanite Phoenicians pre-date the Arabs by thousands of years. Finally, for a resounding answer <a href="today.html" target="_blank">'No; we are not Arab'</a>, follow the link.</div>
<h3>Afrocentrics </h3>
<div>
<p><span id="p579">Afrocentrism is not without blame in smothering Phoenician contribution to the world. </span><span id="p688"><span id="690"> Many</span> fools claim that the Phoenician Canaanites themselves were <a href="letters.html#Congo" target="_blank">sub-Saharan African</a> i.e. black. </span><span id="p581"><span id="599">This</span> <span id="596">is based</span> on <span id="624">unscientific</span> Biblical myths and some unfounded <span id="610">claims</span>.</span><span id="p582"> <span id="613">They</span> <span id="611">claim</span> that the Canaanites were Hamites, based on Ham, the son of Noah. </span><span id="p583"><span id="601"> Also</span>, <span id="614">they</span> <span id="612">claim</span> the Punic were native, aboriginal North Africans blacks.</span><span id="p584"> In fact, North Africans are mostly Amazigh/Berber whose DNA tests prove <span id="615">they</span> are Eurasian.</span><span id="p585"> This denies Canaanite Phoenicians their <span id="625">rightful</span> place in history.</span><span id="p586"> <a href="hannibal.html" target="_blank">Hannibal</a> and other famous Punics from <span id="602">Carthage</span>, Spain, Portugal, <span id="603">Sicily</span>...</span><span id="p587">etc.</span><span id="p588"><span id="604">, are</span> the people in question. </span><span id="p589"><span id="606"> Phoenician</span>/Amazigh Saint Augustine testifies Canaanite is "our own tongue.</span><span id="p590">" </span><br>
<br>
<span id="p591">The statement does <span class="phoebody1bold">not</span> <span id="626">negate</span> science.</span><span id="p592"><span id="608"> H</span>umans evolved in Africa and <span id="627">thereafter</span> walked out and populated the world.</span><span id="p593"> </span> See: <a href="originphoenicians.html" target="_blank">Migration</a>.</p>
</div>
<h3>Warning</h3>
<div>
<p><span id="p735">Repeated notice: </span><span id="p774"><span id="776">Comments</span> about all the above points are NOT open to discussion.</span><span id="p737"> Abuse of open dialogue has made this measure necessary. </span><span id="p773">So, make your proclamations elsewhere.</span><span id="p739"> I am <span id="744">not interested</span>.</span><span id="p698"> </span><br>
</p>
<p>All <strong>other</strong> comments are welcome. </p>
</div>
<h3>WHAT IS NEW IN PHOENICIA.ORG</h3>
<div>
<p><strong>The constrains imposed by Muslim Rulers over Christians as stipulated by Arab-Muslim Caliphs (</strong><a href="https://phoenicia.org/The-Arab-Islamic-Conquest-and-its-Devastating-Impact-on-the-Mediterranean-Countries-and-the-East.html#Edict" target="_blank">Caliph Umar I Edict)</a>. - link) </p>
<p><strong>Creating Arab origins: Muslim Arabs constructions of al‐Jāhiliyya and Arab history
</strong><a href="Creating-Arab-origins-Arabs-constructions-Jahiliyya-Arab-history.html" target="_blank"> (Origin of the Arabs, ethnicity and myth-making</a>. - link) </p>
<p><strong>Sarcophagus of the Lady of Cádiz Containes a Man's Skeleton and the Sarcophagus of a Man, a Woman</strong><a href="Lady-of-Cadiz-was-Man.html" target="_blank"> (Two sarcophagi contain remains of sexes opposed to those carved in their covers.</a> - link) </p>
<p><strong>Arab Islamic Conquest and its Devastating Impact</strong><a href="The-Arab-Islamic-Conquest-and-its-Devastating-Impact-on-the-Mediterranean-Countries-and-the-East.html" target="_blank"> (Arab Saracens terrorized the Mediterranean World in the Seventh Century</a> - link) </p>
<p><strong>Kings of Phoenicia</strong><a href="Kings-Rulers-of-Phoenicia-Prima.html" target="_blank"> (Names of Kings and Rulers of Phoenicia Prima</a> - link) </p>
<p><strong>Unjustified Hebrew Occupation of Canaan </strong> (<a href="Unjustified-Hebrew-Occupation-Canaan-1340BC.html" target="_blank">Hebrew invasion and occupation of Canaan c.1340 to 1200 unjustified </a> - link<a href="Canaanite-Phoenician-Dancing.html" target="_blank" class="phoebody1">)</a></p>
<p><strong>Semitic languages and their evolution with roots of the Lebanese Language</strong> (<a href="Canaanite-Phoenician-Preceded-Arabic-by-3000-Years.html" target="_blank">Canaanite Phoenician Language Preceded Arabic by 3000 Years </a> - link<a href="Canaanite-Phoenician-Dancing.html" target="_blank" class="phoebody1">)</a></p>
<p><strong>Maronite Patriarchs and Patriarchates over 1,332 years from the 6th century until the present </strong> (<a href="Maronite-Patriarchal-History.html" target="_blank">Maronite Patriarchs and Patriarchates </a> - link<a href="Canaanite-Phoenician-Dancing.html" target="_blank" class="phoebody1">)</a></p>
<p><strong>The unfounded lie that the Christians of the Levant come from Ghassanite Arab origin or from Horan, Syria
</strong> (<a href="Lie-Christians-Ghassanites-Horan.html" target="_blank">Christians vs. Ghassanites or Horan-Arabs</a> - link<a href="Canaanite-Phoenician-Dancing.html" target="_blank" class="phoebody1">)</a></p>
<p><strong>How and where did Hannibal cross the Alps?</strong> (<a href="How-Hannibal-Crossed-Alps.html" target="_blank">How Hannibal Crossed the Alps</a> - link<a href="Canaanite-Phoenician-Dancing.html" target="_blank" class="phoebody1">)</a></p>
<p><strong>Decoding the Canaanite Phoenician Temples in Detail</strong> (<a href="Decoding-Canaanite-Phoenician-Temple.html" target="_blank">Canaanite Phoenician Temples</a> - link)</p>
<p><strong>The Israelites did not worship any god(s) before being exposed to the people of the Canaanite Phoenicians. (</strong><a href="Canaanite-Origin-God-Israelites.html" target="_blank" class="phoebody1">Canaanite Origin of Israelite God</a> - or link in Arabic <a href="Canaanite-Origin-God-IsraelitesA.html" target="_blank">الأصل الكنعاني الفينيقي لإله إسرائيل</a>)</p>
<p><strong>Phoenician Solar Theology and Opioiatry </strong>(<a href="Phoenicians-Solar-Theology-Opioiatry.html" target="_blank" class="phoebody1">Solar Theology</a><a href="Canaanite-Phoenician-Dancing.html" target="_blank" class="phoebody1"></a> - link)</p>
<p><strong>Mago of Carthage was called "Father of Agriculture" </strong>(<a href="Mago-Carthage-Father-of-Agriculture.html" target="_blank" class="phoebody1">Mago, Father of Agriculture and Farming</a><a href="Canaanite-Phoenician-Dancing.html" target="_blank" class="phoebody1"></a> - link)</p>
<p><strong>Mochus of Sidon, the Phoenician, Conceived and Wrote the Original Atomic Theory </strong> (<a href="Mochus-of-Sidon-Atomic-Theory.html" target="_blank" class="phoebody1">Mochus of Sidon, Atomic Theory</a><a href="Canaanite-Phoenician-Dancing.html" target="_blank" class="phoebody1"></a> - link)</p>
<p><strong>Phoenician Archaeological Engraving of the Dabké Dance and History of Dancing (</strong><span class="phoesubtitles"><a href="Canaanite-Phoenician-Dancing.html" target="_blank" class="phoebody1">Phoenician Dabké Dance</a></span><a href="Canaanite-Phoenician-Dancing.html" target="_blank" class="phoebody1"></a> - link)</p>
<p><strong>First Phoenician Dictionary in Spanish and collection of Phoenician Engraved Scripts (</strong><a href="/Phoenician-Mother-Tongue-Mediterranean.html" target="_blank">Phoenician is the mother tongue of the Mediterranean, our first alphabet</a> - link) </p>
<p><strong>New DNA Genetic Study Proves Modern-Day Lebanese come from 93% Canaanite Origin</strong> (<span class="phoesubtitles"><a href="Canaanite-Phoenician-DNA-in-Modern-Lebanese.html" target="_blank" class="phoebody1">Canaanite Study</a></span><a href="Canaanite-Phoenician-DNA-in-Modern-Lebanese.html" target="_blank" class="phoebody1"></a> - link)</p>
<p><strong>First Phoenician Dictionary in Spanish and collection of Phoenician Engraved Scripts (</strong><a href="/Phoenician-Mother-Tongue-Mediterranean.html" target="_blank">Phoenician is the mother tongue of the Mediterranean, our first alphabet</a> - link) </p>
<p><strong>A study reveals the Lebanese DNA of the Phoenicians of Ibiza, Spain. </strong>(<a href="DNA-of-Ibizans-Lebanese.html" target="_blank">Ibizans were more Lebanese than the Lebanese themselves</a> - link) </p>
<p><strong>Why did Jesus visit Tyre and the Blessed Virgin Mary's priestly lineage</strong> (<a href="Why-Jesus-visited-Tyre-Holy-Virgin-priestly-lineage.html" target="_blank">Christ visits king of Tyre and Blessed Mary's priestly lineage</a> - link) </p>
<p><strong>Phoenician Punic Translation of the Bible</strong> (<a href="Phoenician-Punic-Translation-Bible.html" target="_blank">Punic Bible</a> - link) </p>
<p><strong>Oldest Hebrew and Samaritan Script and Language were nothing but Phoenician</strong> (<a href="Old-Hebrew-Language-Script-Were-Phoenician.html" target="_blank">Old Hebrew is Phoenician</a> - link) </p>
<p><strong>Study on skeletal remains in Cadiz proves their Phoenician origin</strong> (<a href="study-skeletons-in-cadiz.html" target="_blank">Phoenicians of Cadiz</a> - link) </p>
<p><strong>Cadmus Slays The Serpent (</strong><a href="Cadmus-Slays-the-Serpent.html" target="_blank">Cadmus and the Serpent</a> - links) </p>
<p><strong>Rediscovering Ancient Phoenicia: The Truth Behind Phoenician Identity in the Mediterranean (</strong><a href="Rediscover-Ancient-Phoenicia.html" target="_blank">Rediscovering</a><strong> - links) </strong></p>
<p><strong>Journey to the Mythological Inferno</strong> and <strong>Chavín's Labyrinth and the Palace of Hades and Persephone</strong> (<a href="Chavin_Press_Release.html" target="_blank">News Release</a> & <a href="Chavin-Palace-of-Hades-Persephone-1.html" target="_blank">Articles</a> - links) </p>
<p><strong>The Abdallah Zakhir Museum, </strong>maker of the first Arabic press in the Middle East. (<a href="zakhir.html" target="_blank">Zakhir </a>link - update)</p>
<p><strong>The Sabaeans </strong>had an advanced culture of their own and were not Arabs. (<a href="sabaeans.html" target="_blank">Sabaeans </a>link - update)</p>
<p><strong>Phoenician Commerce </strong>(<a href="phoenician-commerce.html" target="_blank">Commerce </a>link) </p>
<p><strong>Itureans were not Arabs, and Biblical Myths impact history </strong> (<a href="itureans-biblical-myths.html" target="_blank">Itureans</a> link) </p>
<p><strong>Phoenician from the Ashes </strong>excavations in South Lebanon (<a href="phoenicia-from-ashes.html" target="_blank">Ashes</a> link) </p>
<p><strong>UPDATE: Proving History Through Science -- </strong>National Geographic studies Phoenician DNA in Lebanon & Phoenician settlements with interview with Dr. Pierre Zalloua from YouTube (<a href="genetics.html" target="_blank">National Geographic</a> link) </p>
<p><strong>Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch Union Conception</strong> (<a href="orthodox-antioch-union.html" target="_blank">Orthodox Antioch</a> link) <span class="style4"><strong>Greek Melkite Patriarchate of Antioch</strong> (<a href="greek-melkite-catholic.html" target="_blank">Greek Melkite</a> link)</p>
<p><strong>Byzantine Emperor who was one of us</strong> (<a href="leo.html" target="_blank">Leo III</a> link)</p>
<p class="style4"><strong>History of the early chuch </strong>(<a href="church-of-phoenicia.html" target="_blank">Church of Phoenicia & Antioch</a> link)</p>
<p><strong>Crusader & Arab DNA among the Lebanese?</strong>(<a href="today.html" target="_blank">Living Phoenicians</a> link) & <span class="style4"><strong>The
Lebanese- Phoenicians are from Lebanon- Phoenicia </strong>(<a href="phoeleb.html" target="_blank">Lebanese
Phoenicians</a> link)</p>
<p><strong>Byblos priests' snake spells to protect pharaoh's mummy</strong>, oldest Semitic text of 3,000 BC (<a href="byblos-priests-spells.html" target="_blank">Snake Spells</a>) </p>
<p><strong>Origin of the Arts and Philosophy </strong>were non-Greeks (<a href="nongreek-stromata.html" target="_blank">non-Greek Origins</a>) </p>
<p><strong>Phoenician Music </strong>and Hymn to the Moon Goddess Nikhal Interpreted from Cuneiform Tablets (<a href="music.html" target="_blank">Music</a>) </p>
<p><strong>The Carthaginians Did Not Sacrifice Children: </strong>Excavations in Zama {<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="childsacrifice.html" target="_blank">Child Sacrifice</a>)</font></p>
<p><strong>The Amazigh (Berber),</strong> their language and alphabet (<a href="berber.html" target="_blank">Berber</a>) </p>
<p><strong>Miraculous Icon of Berytus </strong>(Beirut) and the Statue of Christ in Caesarea (<a href="statueandicon.html" target="_blank">Berytus Icon</a>) </p>
<p><strong>Zachariah of Mitylene, Syriac Chronicle,</strong> major anti-Chalcedonian source (<a href="syriacchronicle.html" target="_blank">Syriac Chronicle</a>) & <strong>Writings of the Syriac Church Fathers</strong> by Mar Abd Yeshua A.D. 1298. (<a href="syriacwritings.html" target="_blank">Syriac Writers</a> link) &<strong>History of the Christian Syriac Schools of Theology -- </strong>the Syriac Christian learning environment (<a href="syriactheoschools.html" target="_blank">Syriac Schools</a> link) </p>
<p>"<strong>Aramaic of Jesus</strong> & Phoenician influence on Ancient Hebrew (<a href="aramaicjesus.html" target="_blank">Aramaic of Jesus</a> link) </p>
<p><strong>Plato's Atlantis and The Kings of Atlantis, Gods of the Phoenicians</strong> (<a href="atlantisplato.html" target="_blank">Plato</a> link)</p>
<p><strong>Palestinian Christians: </strong> plight of the original Christians of the Holy Land. (<a href="Christians-of-Palestine.html" target="_blank">Palestine Christians</a> link)</p>
<p><strong>The Phoenicians and Their Origins</strong> migration of the human race out of Africa (<a href="originphoenicians.html" target="_blank">Migration</a> link)</p>
<p><strong>The Falsehood of Pan-Arabism </strong> (<a href="panarab.html" target="_blank">Pan-Arabism</a> link)</p>
<p><strong>Assemani, Maronite Light from the East for the Church and the World -- </strong>(<a href="assemani.html" target="_blank">Assemani</a> link) </p>
<p><strong>The Amorites and the Canaanite Phoenicians were not the same people. -- </strong> (<a href="amorites.html" target="_blank">Amorites</a> link)</p>
<p><strong>The concept of time -- </strong><em>Secret Works of the Phoenicians </em>(<a href="time.html" target="_blank">Time</a> link) & <span class="style4"><strong>Phoenician
Theology </strong>the oldest archive of the Western World (<a href="theomythology.html" target="_blank">Theology</a> link)<strong>. The God-Idea of the Phoenicians </strong> (<a href="godidea.html" target="_blank">Theogony</a> link) </p>
<p><strong>Translation of the Gospel of Saint John into Lebanese -- </strong>project to translate the whole Bible into Lebanese (<a href="johnleblang.html" target="_blank">Gospel of John</a> link)</p>
<p><strong>The difference
between the Arabic Language and the Lebanese language, </strong> the importance of distinguishing (<a href="leblanguage.html" target="_blank">Lebanese
Language</a> link) </p>
<p><strong>Chart of the
Syro-Phoenician Church from 525 A.D. till 1724,</strong> Eastern
Christian Milestones (<a href="historychartchristian.html" target="_blank">Christian
Milestones </a> link)</p>
<p><strong>Origin of the Phoenician Empire -- Accurately Dating Phoenician History, </strong>presented at the
Annual Conference of World History Association (<a href="datingchronology.html" target="_blank">Chronology</a> link) </p>
<p><strong>In Honorem:
Deacon Abdalla Zakhir,</strong> the first Arabic script press (<a href="zakhir.html" target="_blank">Arab Press</a> or <a href="zakhir.html" target="_blank">Zakhir</a> link) </p>
<p><img src="https://phoenicia.org/imgs/blank.gif" width="339" height="5" alt="blank"></p>
</div>
<h3>Site Alphabetic Tree and Index</h3>
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<li><a href="../modknow.html" target="_self">Archaeology</a></li>
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<li><a href="../dress.html" target="_self">Attire</a></li>
<li><a href="#" target="_self">Controversy</a>
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<li><a href="../alphabetcontrov.html" target="_self">Alphabet Controversy</a></li>
<li><a href="../ahiromgrave.html" target="_self">Ahirom's Century</a></li>
<li><a href="../jefferson.html" target="_self">Charlemagne</a></li>
<li><a href="../childsacrifice.html" target="_self">Child Sacrifice</a></li>
<li><a href="../jefferson.html" target="_self">Jefferson President</a></li>
<li><a href="../feature.html" target="_self">Pillage of Treasures</a></li>
<li><a href="../atlantisplato.html" target="_self">Plato: Kings of Atlantis</a></li>
<li><a href="../nongreek-stromata.html" target="_self">Non-Greek Origins</a></li>
<li><a href="../steal.html" target="_self">Stealing the Heritage</a></li>
<li><a href="../grecophoerelations.html" target="_self">Tension (Historic)</a></li>
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<li><a href="../hannibal.html" target="_self">Incomparable Hannibal</a></li>
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<li><a href="#" target="_self">Origins</a>
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<li><a href="../modknow.html" target="_self">Anthropology</a></li>
<li><a href="../berber.html" target="_self">Berber</a></li>
<li><a href="../Cadmus-Slays-the-Serpent.html" target="_self">Cadmus Slays The Serpent</a></li>
<li><a href="../Canaanite-Phoenician-DNA-in-Modern-Lebanese.html" target="_self">Canaanites were Phoenicians<br />
Interchangeable Names</a></li>
<li><a href="../phoeEastAfrica.html" target="_self">Phoenicians in East Africa</a></li>
<li><a href="../anthropology.html" target="_self">Ethnic Origin</a></li>
<li><a href="../genetics.html" target="_self">Genetics</a></li>
<li><a href="../DNA-of-Ibizans-Lebanese.html" target="_self">Ibiza Phoenicians and <br>
study of Lebanese DNA</a></li>
<li><a href="../itureans-biblical-myths.html" target="_self">Itureans</a></li>
<li><a href="../hittitephoenicians.html" target="_self">Hittite-Phoenicians</a></li>
<li><a href="../phoeandwest.html" target="_self">Phoenicians and the West</a></li>
<li><a href="../Discovery-Raampa-Pictography-Senegambia.html" target="_self">Raampa Pictographic Writing, West Africa</a></li>
<li><a href="../Rediscover-Ancient-Phoenicia.html" target="_self">Rediscovering Ancient Phoenicia</a></li>
<li><a href="../Why-Jesus-visited-Tyre-Holy-Virgin-priestly-lineage.html" target="_self">Phoenician Kings, <br />
Visited by Jesus and Why?</a></li>
<li><a href="../ethnlang.html" target="_self">Language</a></li>
<li><a href="../phoeleb.html" target="_self">Lebanese Phoenicians</a></li>
<li><a href="../cananams.html" target="_self">Names Show Origins</a></li>
<li><a href="../Why-Jesus-visited-Tyre-Holy-Virgin-priestly-lineage.html" target="_self">B. V. Mary Priestly Lineage<br />
and Kings of Tyre</a></li>
<li><a href="../ethnlang.html" target="_self">Language</a></li>
<li><a href="../Chavin-Palace-of-Hades-Persephone-1.html" target="_self">Mythological Inferno and Chavín's Labyrinth</a></li>
<li><a href="../nongreek-stromata.html" target="_self">Non-Greek Origins</a></li>
<li><a href="../originphoenicians.html" target="_self">Origins, Migrations</a></li>
<li><a href="../panarab.html" target="_self">Pan-Arabism is False</a></li>
<li><a href="../study-skeletons-in-cadiz.html" target="_self">Phoenicians in Cadiz</a></li>
<li><a href="../rigveda.html" target="_self">Rig Veda</a></li>
<li><a href="../sabaeans.html" target="_self">Sabaeans</a></li>
<li><a href="../Rediscover-Ancient-Phoenicia.html" target="_self">Truth Behind Phoenician Identity</a></li>
<li><a href="../genetics.html" target="_self">Y-Chromosome</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#" target="_self">Trade</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="../phoenician-commerce.html" target="_self">Commerce</a></li>
<li><a href="../phoenician-commerce.html" target="_self">Commerce: Treatises<br />
and Economic Policy</a></li>
<li><a href="../trade.html" target="_self">Crafts</a></li>
<li><a href="../industry.html" target="_self">Industry</a></li>
<li><a href="../Phoenician-Celtic-connections.html" target="_self">Phoenicians Celtic Concoctions</a></li>
<li><a href="../gibraltar.html" target="_self">Gibraltar, Pillars of the Phoenicians</a></li>
<li><a href="../zimbabwe.html" target="_self">Gold</a></li>
<li><a href="../maltatrade.html" target="_self">Malta Trade</a></li>
<li><a href="../minning.html" target="_self">Mining</a></li>
<li><a href="../byblos-priests-spells.html" target="_self">Snake Spells</a></li>
<li><a href="../trade.html" target="_self">Trade</a></li>
<li><a href="../wenamun.html" target="_self">Wenamun and Wood</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="../#" target="_self">V. I. Phoenicians</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="../assemani.html" target="_self">Assemani, Yousef</a></li>
<li><a href="../staugustine.html" target="_self">Augustine, Saint</a></li>
<li><a href="../sportsarch.html" target="_self">Boutros, Labib</a></li>
<li><a href="../honor.html" target="_self">Chehab, Emir Maurice</a></li>
<li><a href="../chrysippus.html" target="_self">Chrysippus, Philosopher of Soli</a></li>
<li><a href="../today.html" target="_self">Corm, Charles</a></li>
<li><a href="../cyprian.html" target="_self">Cyprian, Saint of Carthage</a></li>
<li><a href="../elissardidobio.html" target="_self">Elissar, Dido Queen of Carthage</a></li>
<li><a href="../europa.html" target="_self">Europa</a></li>
<li><a href="../carthafamous.html" target="_self">Famous Carthaginians</a></li>
<li><a href="../ethiopia.html" target="_self">Frumenius, Saint</a></li>
<li><a href="../hannibal.html" target="_self">Hannibal, General</a></li>
<li><a href="../proutes.html" target="_self">Hanno, Voyager</a></li>
<li><a href="../himilco.html" target="_self">Himilco, Voyager</a></li>
<li><a href="../iamblichus.html" target="_self">Iamblichus, Philosopher of Beqaa</a></li>
<li><a href="../maphall.html" target="_self">Marinus of Tyre</a></li>
<li><a href="../matrona.html" target="_self">Matrona of Perge, Saint</a></li>
<li><a href="../inmemoriammaymurr.html" target="_self">Murr, May</a></li>
<li><a href="../leo.html" target="_self">Leo III, Emperor</a></li>
<li><a href="../jezebel.html" target="_self">Jezebel, Queen of Israel</a></li>
<li><a href="../theomythology.html" target="_self">Philo of Byblos</a></li>
<li><a href="../stpamphilus.html" target="_self">Pamphilus, Saint</a></li>
<li><a href="../popes.html" target="_self">Popes of Phoenicia</a></li>
<li><a href="../porphyry.html" target="_self">Porphyry Malchus</a></li>
<li><a href="../pythagoras.html" target="_self">Pythagoras, Mathematician</a></li>
<li><a href="../creation.html" target="_self">Sanchuniathon, Priest</a></li>
<li><a href="../septiumiusseverus.html" target="_self">Severus, Emperor Septimius</a></li>
<li><a href="../tertullian.html" target="_self">Tertullian, Church Writer of<br />
Carthage</a></li>
<li><a href="../thales.html" target="_self">Thales of Militus, Philosopher</a></li>
<li><a href="../zakhir.html" target="_self">Zakhir, Abdallah, Inventor of <br />
First Arabic Press</a></li>
<li><a href="../zenocit.html" target="_self">Zeno of Citium, Philosopher</a></li>
<li><a href="../zeno.html" target="_self">Zeno of Sidon, Philosopher</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#" target="_self">Religion</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#" target="_self">Christian</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="../aramaicjesus.html" target="_self">The Aramaic of Jesus</a></li>
<li><a href="../assemani.html" target="_self">Assemanis</a></li>
<li><a href="../Why-Jesus-visited-Tyre-Holy-Virgin-priestly-lineage.html" target="_self">B. V. Mary Priestly Lineage
and Kings of Tyre</a></li>
<li><a href="../statueandicon.html" target="_self">Christ's Miraculous Icon
of Berytus (Beirut) and Statue of Caesarea</a></li>
<li><a href="../First-Apostolic-Christians.html" target="_self">Christians of Phoenicia</a></li>
<li><a href="../historychartchristian.html" target="_self">Christian Milestones</a></li>
<li><a href="../church-of-phoenicia.html" target="_self">Church of Phoenicia</a></li>
<li><a href="../greek-melkite-catholic.html" target="_self">Greek Melkite Catholic</a></li>
<li><a href="../orthodox-antioch-union.html" target="_self">Conception of Union in the Orthodox Antioch Church</a></li>
<li><a href="../maronites.html" target="_self">Maronites</a></li>
<li><a href="../perpetuafelicity.html" target="_self">Martyrs of Phoenicia</a></li>
<li><a href="../matrona.html" target="_self">Matrona</a></li>
<li><a href="../melkites.html" target="_self">Melkites</a></li>
<li><a href="../metropolitan.html" target="_self">Bishops of Phoenicia</a></li>
<li><a href="../orthodox-antioch-union.html" target="_self">Orthodox Antioch</a></li>
<li><a href="../stpamphilus.html" target="_self">Pamphilus, Saint</a></li>
<li><a href="../popes.html" target="_self">Popes of Phoenicia</a></li>
<li><a href="../syriacs.html" target="_self">Syriacs</a></li>
<li><a href="../syriacchronicle.html" target="_self">Syriac Chronicle</a></li>
<li><a href="../syriac.html" target="_self">Syriac Language</a></li>
<li><a href="../syriactheoschools.html" target="_self">Syriac School</a></li>
<li><a href="../syriacwritings.html" target="_self">Syriac Writings</a></li>
<li><a href="../zakhir.html" target="_self">Zakher, Abdallah</a></li>
<li><a href="../Zakher-Presses/index.htm" target="_self">Zakher's Printing Press</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#" target="_self">Pagan</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="../adonis.html" target="_self">Adonis, god</a></li>
<li><a href="../atlantisplato.html" target="_self">Atlantis, gods of</a></li>
<li><a href="../exterminatecanaanites.html" target="_self">Exterminate Canaanites</a></li>
<li><a href="../pagan.html" target="_self">Pagan Faith</a></li>
<li><a href="../Canaanite-Phoenician-Religion.html" target="_self">Religion</a></li>
<li><a href="../millinia.html" target="_self">Religions Across Millenia</a></li>
<li><a href="../byblos-priests-spells.html" target="_self">Snake Spells</a></li>
<li><a href="../temple.html" target="_self">Temple of Solomon</a></li>
<li><a href="../godidea.html" target="_self">Theogony</a></li>
<li><a href="../theomythology.html" target="_self">Theology of Phoenicians</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#" target="_self">Knowledge</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="../alphabet.html" target="_self">Alphabet</a></li>
<li><a href="../architecture.html" target="_self">Architecture</a></li>
<li><a href="../carthagearmor.html" target="_self">Arms and Armor</a></li>
<li><a href="../cadmus.html" target="_self">Cadmus Teaches Greeks</a></li>
<li><a href="../dentstry.html" target="_self">Dentistry</a></li>
<li><a href="../puniceconomy.html" target="_self">Economy</a></li>
<li><a href="../proutes.html" target="_self">Hanno's Voyages</a></li>
<li><a href="../himilco.html" target="_self">Himilco Voyages</a></li>
<li><a href="../interest.html" target="_self">Interest on Money</a></li>
<li><a href="../law.html" target="_self">Law, Berytus Nutrix Legum<br />
Beirut, Mother of Laws, بيروت أم الشرائع</a></li>
<li><a href="../argentine-phoenician-documentary.html" target="_self">Película documental:<br />
Líbano a la civilización</a></li>
<li><a href="../byblos-priests-spells.html" target="_self">Magic Spells</a></li>
<li><a href="../maphall.htm" target="_self">Maps, Hall of</a></li>
<li><a href="../music.html" target="_self">Music</a></li>
<li><a href="../nongreek-stromata.html" target="_self">Non-Greek Philosophy</a></li>
<li><a href="../Old-Hebrew-Language-Script-Were-Phoenician.html" target="_self">Old Hebrew was Phoenician</a></li>
<li><a href="../Discovery-Raampa-Pictography-Senegambia.html" target="_self">Pictograms</a></li>
<li><a href="../Phoenician-Punic-Translation-Bible.html" target="_self">Punic Translation of the Bible</a></li>
<li><a href="../Christians-Translate-for-Arabs.html" target="_self">Science, Greek Books<br />
Translated by Eastern Christians<br />
and Civilized Arabs</a></li>
<li><a href="../ships.html" target="_self">Ships</a></li>
<li><a href="../time.html" target="_self">Time Concept</a></li>
<li><a href="../wine.html" target="_self">Wine, Phoenician</a></li>
<li><a href="../proutes.html" target="_self">Voyages, Ancient</a></li>
<li><a href="../circumnavigationnew.html" target="_self">Voyages, Modern</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#" target="_self">Bibliography</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="../bibliogr.html" target="_self">Sources References</a></li>
<li><a href="../byblosmart.html" target="_self">Books on Phoenicians</a></li>
<li><a href="../phoeniciandictionary.html" target="_self">Dictionary, Phoenician</a></li>
<li><a href="../press.html" target="_self">Grammar, Phoenician</a></li>
<li><a href="../Online-Resources.html" target="_self">Online Resources</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#" target="_self">Author</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="../Author-PhoeniciaOrg.html" target="_self">Author's Page</a></li>
<li><a href="../souk-el-gharb-bmakine.html" target="_self">My Hometowns: Souk <br />
El-Gharb &amp Bmakine</a></li>
<li><a href="../patriarchs.html" target="_self">Hometown Matriarchs<br />
&amp Patriarchs</a></li>
<li><a href="../farcego-art-palace.html" target="_self">Little Fun: <br />
Palace of Art</a></li>
<li><a href="../coronation.html" target="_self">Music (Composition)</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>Website Index with Page Titles</h3>
<div>
<p> <a href="sitemap.html" title="Website Major Pages with their Titles." target="_blank" class="phoebody1center">For an <strong>index with full PAGE TITLES,</strong> please follow this link to a page that lists titles in a website tree.</a></p>
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<td width="77%" align="left" valign="middle" class="phoeDisclaimer">Are you tired of reading? <br>
Let our pages read for you.<br>
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Highlight any text; our page(s) will read it. </p></td>
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<td colspan="2"><span class="phoebody1bold"><em>Cadiz proposed to be the Center for Phoenician Studies.<br>
Phoenicians Left Deep Genetic Mark</em>,</span> report in the <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/31/science/31genes.html?scp=1&sq=zalloua&st=cse" target="_blank" class="phoebody1">New York Times</a>, <em><strong>DNA Legacy</strong></em> report on the <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7700356.stm" target="_blank">BBC</a>. One in 17 men living today, on the coasts of the Mediterranean carry Phoenician DNA. See: <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7700037.stm" title="Canaanite Phoenician script that is forcefully called Hebrew Script because Hebrew Script is nothing but Phoenician Script" target="_blank">BBC's proto-Phoenician</a> script.</td>
</tr>
</table></td>
</tr>
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<td height="78" align="left" valign="middle" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><table width="99%" height="20" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="6">
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<td><span class="phoereversesubtitles"><strong><a name="DNA" id="DNA"></a></strong></span><span class="phoebodybold"><strong>DNA tests of both Lebanese Muslims and Christians support that [both] populations share an <a href="genetics.html" target="_blank">ancient </a></strong></span><span class="phoereversesubtitles"><strong><a href="genetics.html" target="_blank">genetic (Phoenician) heritage.</a></strong></span></td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
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<tr>
<td height="181" align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" class="phoebody1"><table width="99%" height="180" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="6">
<tr>
<td height="168" align="left"><span class="phoebody1bold">Phoenician News</span><br>
The Lebanese biologist, Pierre Zalloua, after examining the <a href="DNA-of-Ibizans-Lebanese.html" target="_blank">DNA of the Ibizan Phoenicians</a> concluded that the Ibizans were more Lebanese than the Lebanese themselves, i.e. more European genomes were found in the Lebanese samples than in the Ibizan ones. The biologist posited the possible cause of the discrepancy as more frequent migrations than previously imagined. An article in English is being prepared from the Spanish original.<br></td>
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<td height="78" align="left" valign="middle" bgcolor="#F3CCFA"><table width="99%" height="20" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="6">
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<td bgcolor="#F3CCFA"><span class="phoereversesubtitles"><strong><a name="Lebanese Language Center" id="Lebanese Language Center"></a></strong></span><span class="phoebodybold"><strong>Introduction to the Lebanese Language</strong><br>
</span><span class="phoebody1"><a href="https://www.abcleb.com/publications/publications_book_lebaneseataglance" target="_blank">Learn Lebanese Language Online -- Audio, Video and Text in Latin Alphabet</a></strong></span></td>
</tr>
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<td><span class="phoebodybold"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="1" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" class="phoebody1"><strong>Middle Eastern people are not all </strong></font></span><font color="#FFFFFF" size="1" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" class="phoeDisclaimer"><strong>"<a href="today.html">Arabs</a>," </strong></font><span class="phoebody1"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="1" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" class="phoebody1"><strong>as most people think.</strong></font></span></td>
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<td width="117" align="center" valign="middle"><font size="1" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="imgs/polyglotsign.gif" target="_blank"><img src="https://phoenicia.org/imgs/polyglotsignS.gif" alt="Salim Khalaf in Egyptian Hieroglyphics, Cyrillic (Bulgarian & Russian), Greek, Hebrew, Arabic, Ugaritic, Aramaic, Phoenician, and Latin." border="0" align="LEFT" naturalsizeflag="0"></a></font></td>
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Salim is from Shalim, Phoenician god of dusk, whose place was Urushalim/Jerusalem <br>
"A Bequest Unearthed, Phoenicia" — Encyclopedia Phoeniciana
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