OK
https://cyber.harvard.edu/
Websites
Runtime: 2.7s
On September 19, 2024, 11:44 AM UTC, https://cyber.harvard.edu/ was accessible when tested on AS37074 in Ghana.
Failures
HTTP Experiment
null
DNS Experiment
null
Control
null
DNS Queries
Resolver:
172.68.101.57
Query:
IN A cyber.harvard.edu
Engine:
system
Name
Class
TTL
Type
DATA
@
IN
A
128.103.64.74
TCP Connections
Connection to 128.103.64.74:443 succeeded.
HTTP Requests
URL
GET https://cyber.harvard.edu/
Response Headers
Cache-Control:max-age=86400, publicContent-Language:enContent-Length:54621Content-Security-Policy:report-uri /report-csp-violation; upgrade-insecure-requestsContent-Type:text/html; charset=UTF-8Date:Thu, 19 Sep 2024 11:44:56 GMTEtag:"1726690430"Expires:Sun, 19 Nov 1978 05:00:00 GMTFrom-Origin:sameLast-Modified:Wed, 18 Sep 2024 20:13:50 GMTServer:ApacheStrict-Transport-Security:max-age=1000Vary:CookieVia:1.1 cyber.harvard.eduX-Content-Type-Options:nosniffX-Drupal-Dynamic-Cache:MISSX-Frame-Options:SAMEORIGINX-Powered-By:Mythical BeastsX-Xss-Protection:1; mode=block
Response Body
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"><head><meta charset="utf-8" /><script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-223559-18"></script><script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)};gtag("js", new Date());gtag("set", "developer_id.dMDhkMT", true);gtag("config", "UA-223559-18", {"groups":"default","anonymize_ip":true,"page_placeholder":"PLACEHOLDER_page_path","allow_ad_personalization_signals":false});</script><script>var _paq = _paq || [];(function(){var u=(("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://stats.berkman.harvard.edu/" : "http://stats.berkman.harvard.edu/");_paq.push(["setSiteId", "6"]);_paq.push(["setTrackerUrl", u+"matomo.php"]);_paq.push(["setDoNotTrack", 1]);if (!window.matomo_search_results_active) {_paq.push(["trackPageView"]);}_paq.push(["setIgnoreClasses", ["no-tracking","colorbox"]]);_paq.push(["enableLinkTracking"]);var d=document,g=d.createElement("script"),s=d.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];g.type="text/javascript";g.defer=true;g.async=true;g.src=u+"matomo.js";s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s);})();</script><meta name="description" content="The Berkman Klein Center's mission is to explore and understand cyberspace; to study its development, dynamics, norms, and standards; and to assess the need or lack thereof for laws and sanctions." /><link rel="canonical" href="https://cyber.harvard.edu/" /><link rel="shortlink" href="https://cyber.harvard.edu/" /><link rel="image_src" href="/modules/custom/bkc_home/images/bkc_logo_social_share_default.jpg" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Berkman Klein Center" /><meta property="og:url" content="https://cyber.harvard.edu/home" /><meta property="og:title" content="Berkman Klein Center" /><meta property="og:description" content="The Berkman Klein Center's mission is to explore and understand cyberspace; to study its development, dynamics, norms, and standards; and to assess the need or lack thereof for laws and sanctions." /><meta property="og:image" content="https://cyber.harvard.edu/modules/custom/bkc_home/images/bkc_logo_social_share_default.jpg" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /><meta name="twitter:description" content="The Berkman Klein Center's mission is to explore and understand cyberspace; to study its development, dynamics, norms, and standards; and to assess the need or lack thereof for laws and sanctions." /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@bkcharvard" /><meta name="twitter:title" content="Berkman Klein Center" /><meta name="twitter:url" content="https://cyber.harvard.edu/home" /><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cyber.harvard.edu/modules/custom/bkc_home/images/bkc_logo_social_share_default.jpg" /><meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /><meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /><meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/bkc/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /><title>home | Berkman Klein Center</title><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_PQCVsszuhSWFls-BXPTPgcLEFQEz5i78Y2NSMk0qNBQ.css?delta=0&language=en&theme=bkc&include=eJwrriwuSc3VT0osTtVJyk7WB2JdEAcAc1sI8w" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_nGy0OCb6W_slf6Xxy1ddwgn_ol7xveNLMT8EIgu2hf8.css?delta=1&language=en&theme=bkc&include=eJwrriwuSc3VT0osTtVJyk7WB2JdEAcAc1sI8w" /></head><body class="body path-frontpage"><div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <main id="main" tabindex="-1" class="c-main u-spacing tabindex"><div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </main><div class="l-container"><div role="complementary" aria-label="Skip to main content"> <a class="skip-to-main-content screen-reader screen-reader-focusable" href="#main">Skip to the main content</a></div><header class="c-header" role="banner" id="header"> <button class="c-hamburger js-toggle js-stop-prop" data-toggled="body" data-prefix="menu"> <span class="c-hamburger__bar"></span> <span class="c-hamburger__label">Menu</span> </button> <a href="/" rel="home" class="c-header__logo"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 510.27 57.22"><title>Harvard Berkman Klein Center Logo</title><g class="c-logo-subtitle"><path d="M157.24,50.24V52h3.85v1.61h-3.85v3.12h-1.77V48.63h6.14v1.61Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M167.67,56.83a4.13,4.13,0,0,1-4.27-4.15v0a4.28,4.28,0,0,1,8.56,0v0A4.16,4.16,0,0,1,167.67,56.83Zm2.44-4.17a2.44,2.44,0,0,0-2.44-2.53,2.41,2.41,0,0,0-2.42,2.51v0a2.44,2.44,0,0,0,2.44,2.53,2.41,2.41,0,0,0,2.42-2.51Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M179.39,56.69l-1.73-2.58h-1.39v2.58H174.5V48.63h3.68c1.9,0,3,1,3,2.66v0a2.5,2.5,0,0,1-1.73,2.5l2,2.88Zm0-5.31c0-.76-.53-1.15-1.39-1.15h-1.76v2.31h1.8c.86,0,1.35-.46,1.35-1.14Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M187.91,56.69V48.63h1.78v8.06Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M198.32,56.69l-3.9-5.12v5.12h-1.75V48.63h1.63l3.78,5v-5h1.75v8.06Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M206.25,50.27v6.42h-1.77V50.27H202V48.63h6.68v1.64Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M210.9,56.69V48.63H217v1.58h-4.32v1.63h3.8v1.58h-3.8v1.69H217v1.58Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M224.58,56.69l-1.73-2.58h-1.39v2.58h-1.78V48.63h3.69c1.9,0,3,1,3,2.66v0a2.51,2.51,0,0,1-1.73,2.5l2,2.88Zm0-5.31c0-.76-.53-1.15-1.39-1.15h-1.76v2.31h1.79c.87,0,1.36-.46,1.36-1.14Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M234.67,56.69l-3.9-5.12v5.12H229V48.63h1.63l3.78,5v-5h1.75v8.06Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M239.13,56.69V48.63h6.08v1.58H240.9v1.63h3.8v1.58h-3.8v1.69h4.37v1.58Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M251.48,50.27v6.42H249.7V50.27h-2.45V48.63h6.68v1.64Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M265.72,56.85l-.93-.94a3.64,3.64,0,0,1-2.36.89,2.42,2.42,0,0,1-2.71-2.33,2.34,2.34,0,0,1,1.57-2.22,2.76,2.76,0,0,1-.57-1.63,2.22,2.22,0,0,1,2.45-2.13,2.07,2.07,0,0,1,2.26,2,2.24,2.24,0,0,1-1.69,2.12l1.07,1.07c.27-.42.53-.89.78-1.38l1.31.71a15.52,15.52,0,0,1-1.06,1.71L267,55.94Zm-3.46-3.52a1.2,1.2,0,0,0-.75,1.07,1,1,0,0,0,1.13,1,1.9,1.9,0,0,0,1.16-.46Zm.87-3.46a.76.76,0,0,0-.78.83,1.47,1.47,0,0,0,.47,1c.7-.27,1.07-.57,1.07-1.09A.71.71,0,0,0,263.13,49.87Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M276.19,56.8a5.14,5.14,0,0,1-3.42-1.28l1.05-1.26a3.67,3.67,0,0,0,2.4,1c.73,0,1.17-.29,1.17-.76v0c0-.45-.28-.68-1.63-1-1.62-.41-2.67-.86-2.67-2.46v0c0-1.46,1.18-2.42,2.82-2.42a4.65,4.65,0,0,1,3,1L278,50.88a3.78,3.78,0,0,0-2.1-.8c-.68,0-1,.31-1,.7v0c0,.53.35.7,1.74,1.06,1.64.42,2.56,1,2.56,2.41v0C279.15,55.91,277.93,56.8,276.19,56.8Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M285.46,56.83a4.13,4.13,0,0,1-4.27-4.15v0a4.28,4.28,0,0,1,8.56,0v0A4.17,4.17,0,0,1,285.46,56.83Zm2.44-4.17a2.44,2.44,0,0,0-2.44-2.53A2.41,2.41,0,0,0,283,52.64v0a2.44,2.44,0,0,0,2.44,2.53,2.41,2.41,0,0,0,2.42-2.51Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M296,56.83a4.07,4.07,0,0,1-4.13-4.15v0a4.1,4.1,0,0,1,4.2-4.17,4.16,4.16,0,0,1,3.18,1.25L298.13,51a2.94,2.94,0,0,0-2.06-.91,2.39,2.39,0,0,0-2.34,2.51v0a2.4,2.4,0,0,0,2.34,2.53,2.93,2.93,0,0,0,2.12-.94l1.13,1.14A4.15,4.15,0,0,1,296,56.83Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M301.64,56.69V48.63h1.77v8.06Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M306.4,56.69V48.63h6.07v1.58h-4.31v1.63H312v1.58h-3.8v1.69h4.37v1.58Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M318.74,50.27v6.42H317V50.27h-2.45V48.63h6.67v1.64Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M327.83,53.48v3.21h-1.78V53.51L323,48.63H325L327,51.87l2-3.24h2Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M343,56.69l-.74-1.81h-3.41l-.73,1.81h-1.81l3.45-8.12h1.64l3.45,8.12Zm-2.44-6-1.08,2.62h2.15Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M349.78,50.27v6.42H348V50.27h-2.45V48.63h6.68v1.64Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M363.64,56.69V53.45h-3.27v3.24H358.6V48.63h1.77v3.19h3.27V48.63h1.77v8.06Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M374.24,56.69l-.74-1.81h-3.41l-.74,1.81h-1.8L371,48.57h1.63l3.46,8.12Zm-2.44-6-1.08,2.62h2.15Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M383.12,56.69l-1.73-2.58H380v2.58h-1.78V48.63h3.69c1.9,0,3,1,3,2.66v0a2.5,2.5,0,0,1-1.73,2.5l2,2.88Zm0-5.31c0-.76-.53-1.15-1.39-1.15H380v2.31h1.79c.87,0,1.36-.46,1.36-1.14Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M391.38,56.75h-1.57l-3.25-8.12h1.95l2.11,5.68,2.11-5.68h1.91Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M402,56.69l-.74-1.81h-3.4l-.74,1.81h-1.81l3.45-8.12h1.64l3.45,8.12Zm-2.44-6-1.07,2.62h2.14Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M410.91,56.69l-1.73-2.58h-1.4v2.58H406V48.63h3.69c1.9,0,3,1,3,2.66v0a2.51,2.51,0,0,1-1.73,2.5l2,2.88Zm0-5.31c0-.76-.53-1.15-1.39-1.15h-1.77v2.31h1.8c.87,0,1.36-.46,1.36-1.14Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M418.49,56.69h-3.14V48.63h3.14a4,4,0,0,1,4.28,4v0A4,4,0,0,1,418.49,56.69Zm2.43-4a2.31,2.31,0,0,0-2.43-2.43h-1.37v4.86h1.37a2.3,2.3,0,0,0,2.43-2.41Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M432.72,56.82c-2.16,0-3.49-1.21-3.49-3.58V48.63H431v4.56c0,1.31.65,2,1.73,2s1.74-.66,1.74-1.93V48.63h1.78v4.55C436.26,55.62,434.89,56.82,432.72,56.82Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M444.77,56.69l-3.9-5.12v5.12h-1.75V48.63h1.64l3.77,5v-5h1.75v8.06Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M449.28,56.69V48.63h1.77v8.06Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M458,56.75h-1.57l-3.25-8.12h1.95l2.11,5.68,2.11-5.68h1.91Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M463.44,56.69V48.63h6.08v1.58H465.2v1.63H469v1.58h-3.8v1.69h4.37v1.58Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M477.12,56.69l-1.73-2.58H474v2.58h-1.78V48.63h3.69c1.9,0,3,1,3,2.66v0a2.51,2.51,0,0,1-1.73,2.5l2,2.88Zm0-5.31c0-.76-.53-1.15-1.39-1.15H474v2.31h1.79c.87,0,1.36-.46,1.36-1.14Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M484.34,56.8a5.14,5.14,0,0,1-3.42-1.28L482,54.26a3.69,3.69,0,0,0,2.41,1c.72,0,1.16-.29,1.16-.76v0c0-.45-.28-.68-1.62-1-1.63-.41-2.68-.86-2.68-2.46v0c0-1.46,1.18-2.42,2.83-2.42a4.64,4.64,0,0,1,3,1l-.92,1.34a3.78,3.78,0,0,0-2.1-.8c-.68,0-1,.31-1,.7v0c0,.53.34.7,1.73,1.06,1.64.42,2.56,1,2.56,2.41v0C487.3,55.91,486.08,56.8,484.34,56.8Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M489.87,56.69V48.63h1.77v8.06Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M498.09,50.27v6.42h-1.78V50.27h-2.45V48.63h6.68v1.64Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M507.17,53.48v3.21H505.4V53.51l-3.1-4.88h2.08l1.92,3.24,2-3.24h2Z" fill="#656668"/></g><g class="c-logo-title"><path d="M155.44,21h8.75a6.29,6.29,0,0,1,4.66,1.53,3.78,3.78,0,0,1,1.1,2.76v.05a3.93,3.93,0,0,1-2.64,3.8c2.08.69,3.39,1.86,3.39,4.18v0c0,2.93-2.39,4.71-6.46,4.71h-8.8Zm7.58,6.8c1.44,0,2.25-.48,2.25-1.48v-.05c0-.93-.74-1.47-2.15-1.47h-3.07v3Zm.68,6.47c1.44,0,2.27-.56,2.27-1.56v0c0-.93-.73-1.54-2.31-1.54h-3.61v3.15Z"/><path d="M174.91,21h13.73v4h-9v2.59h8.2v3.73h-8.2v2.71h9.17v4H174.91Z"/><path d="M193.35,21h8.07c2.61,0,4.42.68,5.57,1.85a5.3,5.3,0,0,1,1.51,4v.05A5.39,5.39,0,0,1,205,32.16l4.08,6H203.6l-3.44-5.17h-2.08v5.17h-4.73Zm7.86,8.19c1.6,0,2.53-.78,2.53-2v-.05c0-1.34-1-2-2.56-2h-3.1v4.09Z"/><path d="M212.83,21h4.73V28L223.44,21h5.61l-6.47,7.34,6.69,9.73h-5.69l-4.29-6.34-1.73,1.93v4.41h-4.73Z"/><path d="M232.49,21h5l4.07,6.61L245.64,21h5V38.11h-4.71v-9.8L241.56,35h-.1l-4.34-6.63v9.75h-4.63Z"/><path d="M261.27,20.92h4.56l7.27,17.19H268l-1.25-3H260.2l-1.22,3h-5Zm4.15,10.46-1.9-4.85-1.93,4.85Z"/><path d="M276.47,21h4.41l7,9V21h4.68V38.11h-4.14l-7.3-9.36v9.36h-4.68Z"/><path d="M305.69,21h4.73V28L316.3,21h5.61l-6.46,7.34,6.68,9.73h-5.69l-4.29-6.34-1.73,1.93v4.41h-4.73Z"/><path d="M325.35,21h4.73V34h8.27v4.14h-13Z"/><path d="M341.89,21h13.73v4h-9.05v2.59h8.2v3.73h-8.2v2.71h9.17v4H341.89Z"/><path d="M360.4,21h4.76V38.11H360.4Z"/><path d="M370.23,21h4.41l7,9V21h4.68V38.11H382.2l-7.29-9.36v9.36h-4.68Z"/><path d="M398.86,29.62v0a8.77,8.77,0,0,1,9-8.88,8.37,8.37,0,0,1,7.25,3.56L411.54,27a4.55,4.55,0,0,0-3.73-2,4.23,4.23,0,0,0-4.07,4.52v0c0,2.56,1.68,4.56,4.07,4.56a4.67,4.67,0,0,0,3.86-2.08l3.56,2.54a9,9,0,0,1-16.37-5Z"/><path d="M419,21h13.73v4h-9v2.59h8.2v3.73h-8.2v2.71h9.17v4H419Z"/><path d="M437.42,21h4.42l7,9V21h4.69V38.11H449.4l-7.29-9.36v9.36h-4.69Z"/><path d="M462.24,25.18h-5.12V21h15v4.14H467V38.11h-4.73Z"/><path d="M475.66,21h13.73v4h-9.05v2.59h8.19v3.73h-8.19v2.71h9.17v4H475.66Z"/><path d="M494.1,21h8.07c2.61,0,4.42.68,5.57,1.85a5.34,5.34,0,0,1,1.51,4v.05a5.39,5.39,0,0,1-3.51,5.24l4.07,6h-5.47l-3.43-5.17h-2.08v5.17H494.1ZM502,29.23c1.61,0,2.54-.78,2.54-2v-.05c0-1.34-1-2-2.56-2h-3.1v4.09Z"/></g><rect x="41.79" width="3.34" height="57.16" fill="#a51c30"/><rect x="95.86" width="3.34" height="57.16" fill="#a51c30"/><polygon points="62.41 57.22 60.04 54.86 76 38.9 60 22.89 62.36 20.53 80.73 38.9 62.41 57.22" fill="#a51c30"/><polygon points="132.65 57.22 135.01 54.86 119.05 38.9 135.06 22.89 132.69 20.53 114.32 38.9 132.65 57.22" fill="#a51c30"/><polygon points="0.31 49.94 7.51 57.13 25.64 39 7.2 20.56 0 27.76 11.24 39 0.31 49.94" fill="#a51c30"/></svg></a><div class="c-header__menu u-spacing--double js-stop-prop"><div class="c-header__menu-inner"> <a href="/" rel="home" class="c-header__menu-logo"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 610.99 493.35"><title>Harvard Berkman Klein Center Logo</title><path d="M5.31,428.77v5.13H16.82v4.83H5.31v9.34H0V423.94H18.37v4.83Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M36.52,448.48c-7.45,0-12.79-5.55-12.79-12.41V436a12.48,12.48,0,0,1,12.85-12.48c7.45,0,12.79,5.55,12.79,12.41V436A12.47,12.47,0,0,1,36.52,448.48ZM43.82,436a7.34,7.34,0,0,0-7.3-7.59,7.22,7.22,0,0,0-7.24,7.52V436a7.33,7.33,0,0,0,7.3,7.58,7.22,7.22,0,0,0,7.24-7.52Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M71.6,448.07l-5.17-7.72H62.26v7.72H57V423.94H68c5.68,0,9.1,3,9.1,8V432a7.5,7.5,0,0,1-5.17,7.48l5.89,8.62Zm.1-15.89c0-2.27-1.59-3.44-4.17-3.44H62.26v6.92h5.37c2.59,0,4.07-1.38,4.07-3.41Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M97.11,448.07V423.94h5.3v24.13Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M128.26,448.07l-11.68-15.34v15.34h-5.24V423.94h4.9l11.3,14.86V423.94h5.24v24.13Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M152,428.84v19.23h-5.31V428.84h-7.34v-4.9h20v4.9Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M165.91,448.07V423.94H184.1v4.72H171.18v4.9h11.37v4.72H171.18v5.07h13.1v4.72Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M206.85,448.07l-5.17-7.72h-4.17v7.72H192.2V423.94h11c5.69,0,9.1,3,9.1,8V432a7.49,7.49,0,0,1-5.17,7.48l5.89,8.62Zm.1-15.89c0-2.27-1.58-3.44-4.17-3.44h-5.27v6.92h5.38c2.58,0,4.06-1.38,4.06-3.41Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M237.06,448.07l-11.68-15.34v15.34h-5.24V423.94H225l11.31,14.86V423.94h5.23v24.13Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M250.43,448.07V423.94h18.2v4.72H255.7v4.9h11.38v4.72H255.7v5.07h13.1v4.72Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M287.37,428.84v19.23h-5.3V428.84h-7.34v-4.9h20v4.9Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M330,448.55l-2.8-2.83a10.85,10.85,0,0,1-7.06,2.69c-4.62,0-8.1-2.69-8.1-7,0-3.11,1.65-5.28,4.69-6.65a8.12,8.12,0,0,1-1.69-4.86c0-3.35,2.65-6.38,7.3-6.38,4.11,0,6.79,2.65,6.79,6.1,0,3.27-2.06,5.17-5.06,6.34l3.2,3.21a46.63,46.63,0,0,0,2.34-4.14l3.9,2.14a45.19,45.19,0,0,1-3.17,5.1l3.55,3.55ZM319.64,438a3.61,3.61,0,0,0-2.24,3.21c0,1.72,1.41,2.86,3.38,2.86a5.73,5.73,0,0,0,3.48-1.38Zm2.62-10.33a2.28,2.28,0,0,0-2.34,2.48,4.31,4.31,0,0,0,1.41,3c2.1-.79,3.21-1.69,3.21-3.24A2.12,2.12,0,0,0,322.26,427.67Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M361.35,448.41a15.33,15.33,0,0,1-10.24-3.86l3.14-3.75a11.06,11.06,0,0,0,7.2,2.93c2.17,0,3.48-.87,3.48-2.28v-.07c0-1.34-.82-2-4.86-3.07-4.86-1.24-8-2.58-8-7.37v-.07c0-4.38,3.51-7.27,8.44-7.27a13.91,13.91,0,0,1,9,3.07l-2.76,4a11.25,11.25,0,0,0-6.27-2.38c-2,0-3.1.93-3.1,2.1v.07c0,1.58,1,2.1,5.2,3.17,4.9,1.27,7.65,3,7.65,7.24v.06C370.2,445.72,366.55,448.41,361.35,448.41Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M389.09,448.48a12.36,12.36,0,0,1-12.78-12.41V436a12.48,12.48,0,0,1,12.85-12.48c7.45,0,12.79,5.55,12.79,12.41V436A12.48,12.48,0,0,1,389.09,448.48ZM396.4,436a7.33,7.33,0,0,0-7.31-7.59,7.21,7.21,0,0,0-7.23,7.52V436a7.33,7.33,0,0,0,7.3,7.58,7.22,7.22,0,0,0,7.24-7.52Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M420.69,448.48a12.18,12.18,0,0,1-12.37-12.41V436a12.26,12.26,0,0,1,12.58-12.48,12.48,12.48,0,0,1,9.51,3.72l-3.38,3.9a8.91,8.91,0,0,0-6.17-2.73c-4.06,0-7,3.38-7,7.52V436c0,4.13,2.86,7.58,7,7.58,2.76,0,4.45-1.11,6.34-2.83l3.38,3.41A12.31,12.31,0,0,1,420.69,448.48Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M437.53,448.07V423.94h5.31v24.13Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M451.77,448.07V423.94H470v4.72H457v4.9h11.37v4.72H457v5.07h13.09v4.72Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M488.72,428.84v19.23h-5.31V428.84h-7.34v-4.9h20v4.9Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M515.91,438.45v9.62H510.6v-9.51l-9.27-14.62h6.21l5.75,9.69,5.86-9.69h6Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M20,493l-2.2-5.41H7.62L5.41,493H0l10.34-24.3h4.89L25.57,493Zm-7.3-17.92-3.21,7.82h6.41Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M40.19,473.74V493h-5.3V473.74H27.54v-4.9h20v4.9Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M81.69,493v-9.69H71.9V493H66.6V468.84h5.3v9.55h9.79v-9.55H87V493Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M113.41,493l-2.2-5.41H101L98.8,493H93.39l10.34-24.3h4.89L119,493Zm-7.3-17.92-3.21,7.82h6.41Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M140,493l-5.17-7.72h-4.17V493h-5.31V468.84h11c5.69,0,9.1,3,9.1,8v.06a7.5,7.5,0,0,1-5.17,7.48L146.2,493Zm.1-15.89c0-2.28-1.59-3.44-4.17-3.44h-5.27v6.92H136c2.59,0,4.07-1.38,4.07-3.41Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M164.73,493.14H160l-9.75-24.3h5.86l6.31,17,6.3-17h5.72Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M196.58,493l-2.21-5.41h-10.2L182,493h-5.41l10.34-24.3h4.89L202.13,493Zm-7.31-17.92-3.2,7.82h6.41Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M223.18,493,218,485.25h-4.17V493h-5.31V468.84h11c5.68,0,9.1,3,9.1,8v.06a7.5,7.5,0,0,1-5.18,7.48l5.9,8.62Zm.1-15.89c0-2.28-1.58-3.44-4.17-3.44h-5.27v6.92h5.37c2.59,0,4.07-1.38,4.07-3.41Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M245.88,493h-9.41V468.84h9.41c7.58,0,12.82,5.21,12.82,12v.07C258.7,487.7,253.46,493,245.88,493Zm7.27-12.06a6.92,6.92,0,0,0-7.27-7.27h-4.11v14.54h4.11a6.88,6.88,0,0,0,7.27-7.21Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M288.48,493.35c-6.48,0-10.44-3.62-10.44-10.72V468.84h5.3v13.65c0,3.93,2,6,5.21,6s5.2-2,5.2-5.79V468.84h5.31v13.62C299.06,489.76,295,493.35,288.48,493.35Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M324.55,493l-11.68-15.34V493h-5.24V468.84h4.9l11.3,14.86V468.84h5.24V493Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M338,493V468.84h5.31V493Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M364.26,493.14h-4.69l-9.75-24.3h5.86l6.31,17,6.3-17H374Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M380.42,493V468.84h18.2v4.72H385.69v4.9h11.38v4.72H385.69v5.07h13.1V493Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M421.37,493l-5.18-7.72H412V493h-5.3V468.84h11c5.68,0,9.09,3,9.09,8v.06a7.49,7.49,0,0,1-5.17,7.48l5.9,8.62Zm.1-15.89c0-2.28-1.59-3.44-4.17-3.44H412v6.92h5.38c2.59,0,4.07-1.38,4.07-3.41Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M443,493.31a15.31,15.31,0,0,1-10.23-3.86l3.13-3.76a11.06,11.06,0,0,0,7.21,2.93c2.17,0,3.48-.86,3.48-2.27v-.07c0-1.34-.83-2-4.86-3.07-4.86-1.24-8-2.58-8-7.37v-.07c0-4.38,3.52-7.27,8.45-7.27a14,14,0,0,1,9,3.07l-2.76,4a11.33,11.33,0,0,0-6.27-2.37c-2,0-3.1.93-3.1,2.1v.07c0,1.58,1,2.1,5.2,3.17,4.89,1.27,7.65,3,7.65,7.24v.06C451.85,490.62,448.2,493.31,443,493.31Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M459.54,493V468.84h5.31V493Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M484.14,473.74V493h-5.31V473.74H471.5v-4.9h20v4.9Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M511.34,483.35V493H506v-9.51l-9.27-14.62H503l5.76,9.69,5.86-9.69h6Z" fill="#656668"/><path d="M0,263.52H26.21c6.42,0,10.95,1.61,13.95,4.61a11.2,11.2,0,0,1,3.28,8.24v.15c0,5.91-3.35,9.42-7.88,11.39,6.2,2,10.14,5.55,10.14,12.49v.14c0,8.76-7.15,14.09-19.34,14.09H0Zm22.71,20.37c4.3,0,6.71-1.46,6.71-4.45v-.14c0-2.78-2.19-4.39-6.42-4.39H13.8v9Zm2,19.35c4.31,0,6.79-1.68,6.79-4.67v-.15c0-2.77-2.19-4.6-6.94-4.6H13.8v9.42Z"/><path d="M58.28,263.52H99.39v12.05H72.3v7.74H96.83v11.17H72.3v8.11H99.75v12H58.28Z"/><path d="M113.49,263.52h24.17c7.81,0,13.21,2.05,16.64,5.55,3,2.93,4.53,6.87,4.53,11.9v.15c0,7.81-4.16,13-10.51,15.7l12.19,17.81H144.16l-10.3-15.48h-6.2v15.48H113.49ZM137,288.06c4.82,0,7.59-2.34,7.59-6.06v-.15c0-4-2.92-6.06-7.66-6.06h-9.27v12.27Z"/><path d="M171.79,263.52H186v20.74l17.6-20.74h16.79L201,285.5l20,29.13H204l-12.84-19L186,301.42v13.21H171.79Z"/><path d="M230.65,263.52h15l12.19,19.79L270,263.52h15v51.11H270.88V285.28l-13.08,20h-.29l-13-19.86v29.2H230.65Z"/><path d="M316.8,263.16h13.65l21.76,51.47H337l-3.73-9.12H313.59l-3.65,9.12H295Zm12.41,31.32L323.52,280l-5.77,14.53Z"/><path d="M362.29,263.52h13.22l21,27v-27h14v51.11H398.14l-21.83-28v28h-14Z"/><path d="M0,341.35H14.16v20.74l17.6-20.74H48.55l-19.34,22,20,29.13h-17l-12.85-19-5.19,5.76v13.22H0Z"/><path d="M58.86,341.35H73v38.7H97.78v12.41H58.86Z"/><path d="M108.36,341.35h41.1v12H122.38v7.74h24.53v11.17H122.38v8.1h27.45v12H108.36Z"/><path d="M163.77,341.35H178v51.11H163.77Z"/><path d="M193.18,341.35H206.4l21,27v-27h14v51.11H229l-21.83-28v28h-14Z"/><path d="M278.89,367.05v-.14c0-14.9,11.47-26.58,26.94-26.58,10.44,0,17.16,4.38,21.69,10.66l-10.66,8.25c-2.92-3.65-6.28-6-11.17-6-7.16,0-12.19,6.06-12.19,13.51v.15c0,7.66,5,13.65,12.19,13.65,5.33,0,8.47-2.49,11.53-6.21l10.66,7.6c-4.81,6.64-11.31,11.53-22.63,11.53A26,26,0,0,1,278.89,367.05Z"/><path d="M339.12,341.35h41.1v12H353.13v7.74h24.54v11.17H353.13v8.1h27.46v12H339.12Z"/><path d="M394.33,341.35h13.21l21,27v-27h14v51.11H430.18l-21.84-28v28h-14Z"/><path d="M468.61,353.76H453.28V341.35h44.83v12.41H482.77v38.7H468.61Z"/><path d="M508.76,341.35h41.11v12H522.78v7.74h24.53v11.17H522.78v8.1h27.45v12H508.76Z"/><path d="M564,341.35h24.17c7.81,0,13.21,2,16.65,5.55,3,2.92,4.52,6.86,4.52,11.9V359c0,7.81-4.16,13-10.51,15.69L611,392.46H594.64L584.35,377h-6.21v15.48H564Zm23.51,24.53c4.82,0,7.6-2.33,7.6-6.06v-.14c0-4-2.92-6.06-7.67-6.06h-9.27v12.26Z"/><rect x="125.1" width="10" height="171.1" fill="#a51c30"/><rect x="286.93" width="10" height="171.1" fill="#a51c30"/><polygon points="186.8 171.29 179.73 164.22 227.51 116.44 179.59 68.52 186.66 61.45 241.65 116.44 186.8 171.29" fill="#a51c30"/><polygon points="397.05 171.29 404.12 164.22 356.35 116.44 404.27 68.52 397.19 61.45 342.21 116.44 397.05 171.29" fill="#a51c30"/><polygon points="0.94 149.47 22.48 171.01 76.75 116.75 21.54 61.55 0 83.09 33.66 116.75 0.94 149.47" fill="#a51c30"/></svg></a><div class="c-header__navigation u-spacing"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-mainnavigation" id="block-mainnavigation" class="c-primary-nav c-nav c-nav-main"><div class="visually-hidden"><h2>Main navigation</h2></div><ul class="c-primary-nav__list u-spacing"><li class="c-primary-nav__list-item"> <a href="/events" class="c-primary-nav__link u-color--black"><strong>Events</strong></a></li><li class="c-primary-nav__list-item"> <a href="/community" class="c-primary-nav__link u-color--black"><strong>Community</strong></a></li><li class="c-primary-nav__list-item"> <a href="/publications" class="c-primary-nav__link u-color--black"><strong>Publications</strong></a></li><li class="c-primary-nav__list-item"> <a href="/projects-tools" class="c-primary-nav__link u-color--black"><strong>Projects & Tools</strong></a></li><li class="c-primary-nav__list-item"> <a href="/programs" class="c-primary-nav__link u-color--black"><strong>Programs</strong></a></li><li class="c-primary-nav__list-item"> <a href="/education" class="c-primary-nav__link u-color--black"><strong>Education</strong></a></li><li class="c-primary-nav__list-item"> <a href="/topics" class="c-primary-nav__link u-color--black"><strong>Topics</strong></a></li><li class="c-primary-nav__list-item"> <a href="/people" class="c-primary-nav__link u-color--black"><strong>People</strong></a></li></ul> </nav> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-secondarynavigation" id="block-secondarynavigation" class="c-secondary-nav c-nav c-nav-secondary-navigation"><div class="visually-hidden"><h2>Secondary navigation</h2></div><ul class="c-secondary-nav__list u-spacing"><li class="c-secondary-nav__list-item"> <a href="/about" class="c-secondary-nav__link u-color--gray u-font--sm">About Us</a></li><li class="c-secondary-nav__list-item"> <a href="/news" class="c-secondary-nav__link u-color--gray u-font--sm">News</a></li><li class="c-secondary-nav__list-item"> <a href="/getinvolved" class="c-secondary-nav__link u-color--gray u-font--sm">Get Involved</a></li></ul> </nav><form action="/search/node" method="get" id="search-block-form" accept-charset="UTF-8" class="c-search-form c-form"><div class="js-form-item o-form-item js-form-type-search o-form-item-keys js-form-item-keys form-no-label"> <label for="edit-keys" class="o-label visually-hidden">Search</label> <span class="c-search-form__icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 10 10"><title>o-icon__search</title><path d="M9.91,8.5,7.43,6A4,4,0,1,0,4,8a4,4,0,0,0,2-.57L8.5,9.91ZM2,4A2,2,0,1,1,4,6,2,2,0,0,1,2,4Z" fill="#000"/></svg></span><input placeholder="Search" title="Enter the terms you wish to search for." data-drupal-selector="edit-keys" type="search" id="edit-keys" name="keys" value="" size="15" maxlength="128" class="form-search c-search-form__input" /></div><input data-drupal-selector="edit-submit" type="submit" id="edit-submit" value="Search" class="button js-form-submit form-submit" /></form> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-featuredlinksnavigation" id="block-featuredlinksnavigation" class="c-tertiary-nav c-nav c-nav-featured-links-navigation"><div class="visually-hidden"><h2>Featured links navigation</h2></div><ul class="c-tertiary-nav__list u-spacing"><li class="c-tertiary-nav__list-item"> <a href="https://cyber.harvard.edu/story/2024-08/hiring-director-communications" class="c-tertiary-nav__link u-font--xs u-color--primary"><strong>Opportunity: Director of Communications</strong></a></li><li class="c-tertiary-nav__list-item"> <a href="https://cyber.harvard.edu/getinvolved/rebooting-social-mediaapplied-social-media-lab-research-assistant-call-multiple" class="c-tertiary-nav__link u-font--xs u-color--primary"><strong>RSM/ASML RA - Multiple Positions</strong></a></li><li class="c-tertiary-nav__list-item"> <a href="https://cyber.harvard.edu/getinvolved/research-assistant-graphic-design-communications" class="c-tertiary-nav__link u-font--xs u-color--primary"><strong>Graphic Design & Communications Research Assistant</strong></a></li><li class="c-tertiary-nav__list-item"> <a href="https://cyber.harvard.edu/getinvolved/editorial-communications-research-assistant" class="c-tertiary-nav__link u-font--xs u-color--primary"><strong>Editorial Communications Research Assistant</strong></a></li></ul> </nav></div></div></div></header> <main id="main" tabindex="-1" class="c-main c-main__home tabindex"><div class="c-home__grid"><h1 class="visually-hidden">Homepage</h1><div class="c-home-hero"><div class="c-home-hero--grid c-home-hero--2up"><div class="c-home-hero--grid-item "><div class="c-home-hero__inner"><div class="c-home-hero__image"> <a class="c-home-hero__image-link u-display--block" href="/story/2024-07/incoming-2024-25-bkc-fellows"><div class="c-home-hero__banner o-banner">news</div> <picture> <source media="(max-width: 700px)" srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/image_small/public/2024-07/Untitled%20design.jpg.webp?itok=T4LwFAoz"> <source media="(min-width: 701px) and (max-width: 1500px)" srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/image_medium/public/2024-07/Untitled%20design.jpg.webp?itok=ls2fkyGw"> <source media="(min-width: 1501px)" srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/image_vertical_large/public/2024-07/916%20Fellows%20Design.png.webp?itok=LMWZxUlH"> <img alt="Berkman Klein Center Announces Incoming 2024-2025 Fellows"> </picture> </a></div><div class="c-home-hero__text u-spacing--half"><div><h2 class="c-home-hero__title"><a href="/story/2024-07/incoming-2024-25-bkc-fellows" class="c-home-hero__title-link o-heading-link">Berkman Klein Center Announces Incoming 2024-2025 Fellows</a></h2></div><p class="c-home-hero__dek">UNIQUE PROGRAM UNITES EXPERTS ON AI, SOCIAL MEDIA, DISCOURSE</p></div></div></div><div class="c-home-hero--grid-item "><div class="c-home-hero__inner"><div class="c-home-hero__image"> <a class="c-home-hero__image-link u-display--block" href="/publication/2024/white-paper-interventions-online-harassment-journalists"><div class="c-home-hero__banner o-banner">publication</div> <picture> <source media="(max-width: 700px)" srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/image_small/public/2024-07/priscilla-du-preez-BjhUu6BpUZA-unsplash_0.jpg.webp?itok=QwYa6eDH"> <source media="(min-width: 701px) and (max-width: 1500px)" srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/image_medium/public/2024-07/priscilla-du-preez-BjhUu6BpUZA-unsplash_0.jpg.webp?itok=DmviLrxJ"> <source media="(min-width: 1501px)" srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/image_vertical_large/public/2024-07/priscilla-du-preez-BjhUu6BpUZA-unsplash_1.jpg.webp?itok=7EuJqfnq"> <img alt="White Paper: Interventions for Online Harassment of Journalists"> </picture> </a></div><div class="c-home-hero__text u-spacing--half"><div><h2 class="c-home-hero__title"><a href="/publication/2024/white-paper-interventions-online-harassment-journalists" class="c-home-hero__title-link o-heading-link">White Paper: Interventions for Online Harassment of Journalists</a></h2></div><p class="c-home-hero__dek">New white paper offers policy, technical, and funding proposals to mitigate the harm of "dogpiling"</p></div></div></div></div></div><div class="c-latest u-spacing"><h4 class="o-section__heading">The Latest</h4><div class="c-latest__list u-spacing"><div class="c-latest__item u-spacing--quarter "><div class="o-eyebrow u-font--xs"><a href="/news">News</a></div> <span class="o-eyebrow"></span> <a class="c-latest__link u-display--block u-spacing--half" href="/story/2024-08/hiring-director-communications"><h3 class="c-latest__title u-font--md u-color--black"><span class="o-heading-link">Hiring: Director of Communications</span></h3><p class="c-latest__dek u-font--sm u-color--black">BKC seeks an experienced and dynamic Director of Communications to develop communications and events strategies...</p><div class="c-latest__eyebrow o-eyebrow u-font--xs">Aug 23, 2024</div> </a></div><div class="c-latest__item u-spacing--quarter "><div class="o-eyebrow u-font--xs"><a href="/news">News</a></div> <span class="o-eyebrow"></span> <a class="c-latest__link u-display--block u-spacing--half" href="/story/2024-06/call-applications-public-interest-social-media-solutions-workshop"><h3 class="c-latest__title u-font--md u-color--black"><span class="o-heading-link">Call for Applications: Public Interest Social Media Solutions Workshop</span></h3><p class="c-latest__dek u-font--sm u-color--black">The Applied Social Media Lab seeks applications for a workshop dedicated to imagining and building new public interest…</p><div class="c-latest__eyebrow o-eyebrow u-font--xs">Jun 10, 2024</div> </a></div><div class="c-latest__item u-spacing--quarter "><div class="o-eyebrow u-font--xs"><a href="/news">News</a></div> <span class="o-eyebrow"></span> <a class="c-latest__link u-display--block u-spacing--half" href="/story/2024-05/announcing-institute-rebooting-social-medias-2024-25-visiting-scholars"><h3 class="c-latest__title u-font--md u-color--black"><span class="o-heading-link">Announcing the Institute for Rebooting Social Media's 2024-25 Visiting Scholars</span></h3><p class="c-latest__dek u-font--sm u-color--black">The Institute for Rebooting Social Media (RSM) at Harvard University’s Berkman Klein Center (BKC) is thrilled to…</p><div class="c-latest__eyebrow o-eyebrow u-font--xs">May 29, 2024</div> </a></div><div class="c-latest__item u-spacing--quarter c-latest__item--promoted-old-event"><div class="o-eyebrow u-font--xs"><a href="/events">Event</a></div> <span class="o-eyebrow"></span> <a class="c-latest__link u-display--block u-spacing--half" href="/events/state-ai-regulation-across-globe"><h3 class="c-latest__title u-font--md u-color--black"><span class="o-heading-link">The State of AI Regulation Across the Globe</span></h3><p class="c-latest__dek u-font--sm u-color--black">Event SummaryArtificial intelligence remains in the regulatory hot-seat, with governments racing to develop new and…</p><div class="c-latest__eyebrow o-eyebrow u-font--xs">May 28, 2024</div> </a></div></div></div> <section class="c-home-blocks c-home-cards c-home-blocks__community"><div class="c-home-blocks__heading"><div class="c-home-blocks__heading--left u-spacing--quarter"><h4 class="o-section__heading">Community</h4><p>The latest news and commentary from our community.</p></div><div class="c-home-blocks__heading--right"> <a href="/community" class="o-more ">See all Community Posts</a></div></div><div class="c-home-block c-home-block--card u-spacing c-community-block"> <a href="/community" class="c-community-block__icon-link"></a><div class="c-home-block__text u-spacing--half"> <span class="o-eyebrow u-font--xs">Common Sense Media </span><div class="u-spacing--half"><h3 class="c-home-block__title"><a href="/story/2024-09/dawn-ai-era-teens-parents-and-adoption-generative-ai-home-and-school" class="c-home-block__title-link o-heading-link">The Dawn of the AI Era: Teens, Parents, and the Adoption of Generative AI at Home and School</a></h3><div class="u-spacing"><p class="c-home-block__dek u-font--sm">In a newly-published reporta, Alexa Hasse illustrates the roles that generative AI software plays in teens' and parents…</p><div class="c-home-block__author"><div class="c-byline "><div class="c-byline__image"><div class="u-display--inline-block u-round"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/image_tiny/public/2023-08/1687191137066.jpg.webp?itok=Q2I_hQ0L" itemprop="image" alt="Alexa Hasse" /></div></div><div class="c-byline__content"> <a href="/people/ahasse" class="c-byline__content-link"><p class="c-byline__name u-font--sm">Alexa Hasse</p> </a></div></div></div><div class="o-eyebrow u-font--xs u-color--gray">Sep 18, 2024</div></div></div></div></div><div class="c-home-block c-home-block--card u-spacing c-community-block"> <a href="/community" class="c-community-block__icon-link"></a><div class="c-home-block__text u-spacing--half"> <span class="o-eyebrow u-font--xs">Citation Needed</span><div class="u-spacing--half"><h3 class="c-home-block__title"><a href="/story/2024-09/big-publishers-think-libraries-are-enemy" class="c-home-block__title-link o-heading-link">Big publishers think libraries are the enemy</a></h3><div class="u-spacing"><p class="c-home-block__dek u-font--sm">Molly White links a recent Second Circuit decision to a larger pattern of publishers' interference with libraries and,…</p><div class="c-home-block__author"><div class="c-byline "><div class="c-byline__image"><div class="u-display--inline-block u-round"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/image_tiny/public/2022-08/GorillaWarfare_2022.jpg.webp?itok=AmwlJ2u_" itemprop="image" alt="Molly White" /></div></div><div class="c-byline__content"> <a href="/people/molly-white" class="c-byline__content-link"><p class="c-byline__name u-font--sm">Molly White</p> </a></div></div></div><div class="o-eyebrow u-font--xs u-color--gray">Sep 12, 2024</div></div></div></div></div><div class="c-home-block c-home-block--card u-spacing c-community-block"> <a href="/community" class="c-community-block__icon-link"></a><div class="c-home-block__text u-spacing--half"> <span class="o-eyebrow u-font--xs">Cyberlaw Clinic</span><div class="u-spacing--half"><h3 class="c-home-block__title"><a href="/story/2024-09/massachusetts-high-court-issues-ruling-online-racial-profiling-case" class="c-home-block__title-link o-heading-link">Massachusetts High Court Issues Ruling in Online Racial Profiling Case</a></h3><div class="u-spacing"><p class="c-home-block__dek u-font--sm">The Cyberlaw Clinic welcomes the SJC's holding that the BPD violated the law by refusing to turn over evidence of…</p><div class="c-home-block__author"><div class="c-byline "><div class="c-byline__image"><div class="u-display--inline-block u-round"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/image_tiny/public/2020-08/StardustZahra.jpg.webp?itok=AdN0C5zt" itemprop="image" alt="Zahra Stardust" /></div></div><div class="c-byline__content"> <a href="/people/zahra-stardust" class="c-byline__content-link"><p class="c-byline__name u-font--sm">Zahra Stardust</p> </a></div></div></div><div class="o-eyebrow u-font--xs u-color--gray">Sep 6, 2024</div></div></div></div></div><div class="c-home-block c-home-block--card u-spacing c-community-block"> <a href="/community" class="c-community-block__icon-link"></a><div class="c-home-block__text u-spacing--half"> <span class="o-eyebrow u-font--xs">Nieman Lab</span><div class="u-spacing--half"><h3 class="c-home-block__title"><a href="/story/2024-09/want-fight-misinformation-teach-people-how-algorithms-work" class="c-home-block__title-link o-heading-link">Want to fight misinformation? Teach people how algorithms work</a></h3><div class="u-spacing"><p class="c-home-block__dek u-font--sm">Sociodemographic data bears on algorithmic literacy.</p><div class="c-home-block__author"><div class="c-byline "><div class="c-byline__image"><div class="u-display--inline-block u-round"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/image_tiny/public/2024-07/Myojung.Chung_-549x732.jpg.webp?itok=cZ2ltxmW" itemprop="image" alt="Myojung Chung" /></div></div><div class="c-byline__content"> <a href="/people/myojung-chung" class="c-byline__content-link"><p class="c-byline__name u-font--sm">Myojung Chung</p> </a></div></div></div><div class="o-eyebrow u-font--xs u-color--gray">Sep 4, 2024</div></div></div></div></div><div class="c-home-block c-home-block--card u-spacing c-community-block"> <a href="/community" class="c-community-block__icon-link"></a><div class="c-home-block__text u-spacing--half"> <span class="o-eyebrow u-font--xs">The New York Times</span><div class="u-spacing--half"><h3 class="c-home-block__title"><a href="/story/2024-08/why-brazil-banned-x" class="c-home-block__title-link o-heading-link">Why Brazil Banned X</a></h3><div class="u-spacing"><p class="c-home-block__dek u-font--sm">Have the country's efforts to combat fake news gone too far?</p><div class="c-home-block__author"><div class="c-byline "><div class="c-byline__image"><div class="u-display--inline-block u-round"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/image_tiny/public/2022-08/David_Nemer_04_DA.jpg.webp?itok=8Ei1tBui" itemprop="image" alt="David Nemer" /></div></div><div class="c-byline__content"> <a href="/people/david-nemer" class="c-byline__content-link"><p class="c-byline__name u-font--sm">David Nemer</p> </a></div></div></div><div class="o-eyebrow u-font--xs u-color--gray">Aug 31, 2024</div></div></div></div></div><div class="c-home-block c-home-block--card u-spacing c-community-block"> <a href="/community" class="c-community-block__icon-link"></a><div class="c-home-block__text u-spacing--half"> <span class="o-eyebrow u-font--xs">The Nation</span><div class="u-spacing--half"><h3 class="c-home-block__title"><a href="/story/2024-08/big-tech-very-afraid-very-modest-ai-safety-bill" class="c-home-block__title-link o-heading-link">Big Tech Is Very Afraid of a Very Modest AI Safety Bill</a></h3><div class="u-spacing"><p class="c-home-block__dek u-font--sm">"It’s like saying that a bill addressing wildfire risks should be rejected because it doesn’t address flooding risks."</p><div class="c-home-block__author"><div class="c-byline "><div class="c-byline__image"><div class="u-display--inline-block u-round"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/image_tiny/public/2023-08/Lessig-cropped.jpg.webp?itok=MvBPkxzn" itemprop="image" alt="Larry Lessig" /></div></div><div class="c-byline__content"> <a href="/people/llessig" class="c-byline__content-link"><p class="c-byline__name u-font--sm">Larry Lessig</p> </a></div></div></div><div class="o-eyebrow u-font--xs u-color--gray">Aug 30, 2024</div></div></div></div></div><div class="c-home-block c-home-block--card u-spacing c-community-block"> <a href="/community" class="c-community-block__icon-link"></a><div class="c-home-block__text u-spacing--half"> <span class="o-eyebrow u-font--xs">Harvard Kennedy School</span><div class="u-spacing--half"><h3 class="c-home-block__title"><a href="/story/2024-08/hackers-mind" class="c-home-block__title-link o-heading-link">A Hacker's Mind</a></h3><div class="u-spacing"><p class="c-home-block__dek u-font--sm">HKS's Behind the Book series covers Bruce Schneier's latest work.</p><div class="c-home-block__author"><div class="c-byline "><div class="c-byline__image"><div class="u-display--inline-block u-round"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/image_tiny/public/2020-09/VBabutsPhoto_Bruce-Schneier_02.jpg.webp?itok=9pwtusqV" itemprop="image" alt="Bruce Schneier" /></div></div><div class="c-byline__content"> <a href="/people/bschneier" class="c-byline__content-link"><p class="c-byline__name u-font--sm">Bruce Schneier</p> </a></div></div></div><div class="o-eyebrow u-font--xs u-color--gray">Aug 30, 2024</div></div></div></div></div><div class="c-home-block c-home-block--card u-spacing c-community-block"> <a href="/community" class="c-community-block__icon-link"></a><div class="c-home-block__text u-spacing--half"> <span class="o-eyebrow u-font--xs">LiveNOW</span><div class="u-spacing--half"><h3 class="c-home-block__title"><a href="/story/2024-08/french-authorities-charge-telegrams-ceo" class="c-home-block__title-link o-heading-link">French authorities charge Telegram's CEO</a></h3><div class="u-spacing"><p class="c-home-block__dek u-font--sm">Juan Ortiz Freuler breaks down the latest information on the case against Pavel Durov.</p><div class="c-home-block__author"><div class="c-byline "><div class="c-byline__image"><div class="u-display--inline-block u-round"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/image_tiny/public/2022-08/Juan%20Ortiz%20Freuler.png.webp?itok=3xXLKTKP" itemprop="image" alt="Juan Ortiz Freuler" /></div></div><div class="c-byline__content"> <a href="/people/jortizfreuler" class="c-byline__content-link"><p class="c-byline__name u-font--sm">Juan Ortiz Freuler</p> </a></div></div></div><div class="o-eyebrow u-font--xs u-color--gray">Aug 29, 2024</div></div></div></div></div> </section> <section class="c-home-blocks c-home-blocks__programs"><div class="c-home-blocks__heading"><h4 class="o-section__heading">Featured Programs</h4> <a href="/programs" class="o-more ">See all Programs</a></div><div class="c-home-block u-spacing"><div class="c-home-block__text u-spacing--half"><h3 class="c-home-block__title"><a href="/programs/research-sprints" class="c-home-block__title-link o-heading-link">Research Sprints</a></h3><p class="c-home-block__dek u-font--sm">The BKC Research Sprints are a series of educational programs that bring together emerging scholars from around the…</p></div></div><div class="c-home-block u-spacing"><div class="c-home-block__text u-spacing--half"><h3 class="c-home-block__title"><a href="/getinvolved/fellowships" class="c-home-block__title-link o-heading-link">Fellowship Program</a></h3><p class="c-home-block__dek u-font--sm">The Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society welcomes an interdisciplinary and diverse community of academics and…</p></div></div><div class="c-home-block u-spacing"><div class="c-home-block__text u-spacing--half"><h3 class="c-home-block__title"><a href="/projects/applied-social-media-lab" class="c-home-block__title-link o-heading-link">Applied Social Media Lab</a></h3><p class="c-home-block__dek u-font--sm">A new home for technologists and practitioners to reimagine, rebuild, and reboot social media to serve the public good…</p></div></div><div class="c-home-block u-spacing"><div class="c-home-block__text u-spacing--half"><h3 class="c-home-block__title"><a href="/programs/institute-rebooting-social-media" class="c-home-block__title-link o-heading-link">The Institute for Rebooting Social Media</a></h3><p class="c-home-block__dek u-font--sm">The Institute for Rebooting Social Media is a three-year "pop-up" initiative that will address the biggest questions in…</p></div></div> </section> <section class="c-home-blocks c-home-cards c-home-blocks__projects"><div class="c-home-blocks__heading"><h4 class="o-section__heading">Featured Projects</h4> <a href="/projects-tools" class="o-more ">See all Projects & Tools</a></div><div class="c-home-block u-spacing"><div class="c-home-block__text u-spacing--half"><h3 class="c-home-block__title"><a href="/research/network_of_centers" class="c-home-block__title-link o-heading-link">Network of Interdisciplinary Internet & Society Research Centers</a></h3><p class="c-home-block__dek u-font--sm">A collaborative initiative focused on interdisciplinary research on the development, social impact, policy implications…</p></div></div><div class="c-home-block u-spacing"><div class="c-home-block__text u-spacing--half"><h3 class="c-home-block__title"><a href="/research/metalab" class="c-home-block__title-link o-heading-link">metaLAB (at) Harvard</a></h3><p class="c-home-block__dek u-font--sm">Explores the digital arts and humanities through research, teaching, publications, and exhibitions</p></div></div><div class="c-home-block u-spacing"><div class="c-home-block__text u-spacing--half"><h3 class="c-home-block__title"><a href="/research/lumen" class="c-home-block__title-link o-heading-link">Lumen</a></h3><p class="c-home-block__dek u-font--sm">Lumen collects and studies online content removal requests, providing transparency and supporting research and analysis…</p></div></div><div class="c-home-block u-spacing"><div class="c-home-block__text u-spacing--half"><h3 class="c-home-block__title"><a href="/teaching/copyrightx" class="c-home-block__title-link o-heading-link">CopyrightX</a></h3><p class="c-home-block__dek u-font--sm">CopyrightX is a twelve-week networked course offered under the auspices of Harvard Law School, the HarvardX distance…</p></div></div> </section> <section class="c-home-blocks c-home-blocks__featured-topics"><div class="c-home-blocks__heading"><h4 class="o-section__heading">Featured Topics</h4> <a href="/topics" class="o-more ">See all Topics</a></div><div class="c-home-block c-home-block--card u-spacing"><div class="c-home-block__text u-spacing--half"><div class="c-home-block__text u-spacing--half"><h3 class="c-home-block__title"><a href="/topics/ethics-and-governance-ai" class="c-home-block__title-link o-heading-link">Ethics and Governance of AI</a></h3><p class="c-home-block__dek u-font--sm">The rapidly growing capabilities and increasing presence of AI-based systems in our lives raise pressing questions about the impact, governance, ethics, and accountability of these technologies around the…</p></div></div></div><div class="c-home-block c-home-block--card u-spacing"><div class="c-home-block__text u-spacing--half"><div class="c-home-block__text u-spacing--half"><h3 class="c-home-block__title"><a href="/topics/media-democracy-public-discourse" class="c-home-block__title-link o-heading-link">Media, Democracy, & Public Discourse</a></h3><p class="c-home-block__dek u-font--sm">The way we communicate online evolves and changes shape rapidly. Through research, the building of tools, and bringing together diverse viewpoints and underrepresented voices, we seek to examine, analyze,…</p></div></div></div><div class="c-home-block c-home-block--card u-spacing"><div class="c-home-block__text u-spacing--half"><div class="c-home-block__text u-spacing--half"><h3 class="c-home-block__title"><a href="/topics/technology-law" class="c-home-block__title-link o-heading-link">Technology & the Law</a></h3><p class="c-home-block__dek u-font--sm">Software, hardware, platforms, and networks are regulated by sometimes conflicting and overlapping sets of laws, policies, and norms. New technologies are constantly creating new frontiers for policymaker…</p></div></div></div><div class="c-home-block c-home-block--card u-spacing"><div class="c-home-block__text u-spacing--half"><div class="c-home-block__text u-spacing--half"><h3 class="c-home-block__title"><a href="/topics/governance-technology-internet" class="c-home-block__title-link o-heading-link">Governance of Technology & the Internet</a></h3><p class="c-home-block__dek u-font--sm">Networked technologies are complex, multi-layered, interdependent, and subject to multiple competing interests. Through original research and by creating connections between stakeholders, we work to build…</p></div></div></div> </section></div> </main><div class="u-spacing--double c-content--bottom"> <footer class="c-footer" role="contentinfo"><div class="c-subscribe"><div class="c-subscribe__inner u-spacing l-wrap"><h2 class="c-subscribe__title">Stay in touch</h2><div class="u-spacing--one-and-half"><p class="c-subscribe__dek">Subscribe to our email list for the latest news, information, and commentary from the Berkman Klein Center and our community.</p> <a target="_blank" href="http://harvard.us10.list-manage2.com/subscribe?u=ef13e6d75b74b1791f13115cd&id=4782a3c945" class="o-button c-subscribe__button">Subscribe</a></div></div></div><div class="c-footer__inner"><div class="l-wrap c-footer__inner-wrap"><div class="c-footer__left"> <strong class="u-font--sm">The Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University</strong><br> <span class="u-font--sm"> 1557 Massachusetts Avenue, 5th Floor,<br> Cambridge, MA 02138<br> Phone: (617) 495-7547<br> Fax: (617) 495-7641 </span></div><div class="c-footer__right u-spacing"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-footer" id="block-footer" class="c-footer__nav c-nav c-nav-footer"><div class="visually-hidden"><h2>Footer</h2></div><ul class="c-footer-nav__list"><li class="c-footer-nav__list-item"> <a href="/about/privacy-policy" class="u-font--primary u-text-transform--upper u-font--xs u-color--black u-text-decoration--underline">Privacy Policy</a></li><li class="c-footer-nav__list-item"> <a href="https://accessibility.harvard.edu" class="u-font--primary u-text-transform--upper u-font--xs u-color--black u-text-decoration--underline">Accessibility</a></li><li class="c-footer-nav__list-item"> <a href="https://accessibility.huit.harvard.edu" class="u-font--primary u-text-transform--upper u-font--xs u-color--black u-text-decoration--underline">Digital Accessibility</a></li></ul> </nav><p class="u-font--sm">Unless otherwise noted this site and its contents are licensed under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/" target="_blank">Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported</a> license.</p><div class="c-footer__social"> <a href="mailto:hello@cyber.harvard.edu" class="c-footer__social-item u-icon--m u-round u-background-color--primary u-path-fill--white"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 30 30"><title>icon-mail</title><path d="M27.39,26.69H2.58l-.25-.05A2.71,2.71,0,0,1,.13,24V10.9l0,0a.41.41,0,0,0,0,.09,9.91,9.91,0,0,0,1,.87c.77.56,1.58,1.1,2.35,1.64l7,4.89A13.2,13.2,0,0,0,13.32,20a4.39,4.39,0,0,0,3.17.07,11.63,11.63,0,0,0,2.65-1.41q4.16-2.92,8.34-5.82a15.4,15.4,0,0,0,2-1.52c.13-.14.27-.26.42-.41V24.09a2.64,2.64,0,0,1-2.05,2.53Z" fill="#231f20"/><path d="M15,3.32H27.06A2.64,2.64,0,0,1,29.62,4.9a2.94,2.94,0,0,1,.13,1.94A5.36,5.36,0,0,1,28.5,9.16a9.58,9.58,0,0,1-2,1.68Q22.1,13.93,17.68,17A8.09,8.09,0,0,1,16,18a2.63,2.63,0,0,1-2.11,0,12.62,12.62,0,0,1-2-1.17L3.74,11.06a11,11,0,0,1-2-1.58,7.29,7.29,0,0,1-1.4-2,3.27,3.27,0,0,1,.19-3A2.32,2.32,0,0,1,2.65,3.32Z" fill="#231f20"/></svg></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/bkcharvard?lang=en" class="c-footer__social-item u-icon--m u-round u-background-color--primary u-path-fill--white"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 30 30"><title>icon--twitter</title><path d="M30,5.69a12.77,12.77,0,0,1-3.06,3.2v.8c0,8.12-6.18,17.5-17.5,17.5A17.37,17.37,0,0,1,0,24.69a10.24,10.24,0,0,0,1.46.1A12.5,12.5,0,0,0,9.1,21.88,6.14,6.14,0,0,1,3.37,17.6a6.29,6.29,0,0,0,1.14.11,6.41,6.41,0,0,0,1.64-.21,6.15,6.15,0,0,1-4.93-6v-.07A6.19,6.19,0,0,0,4,12.15a6.12,6.12,0,0,1-2.74-5.1,5.78,5.78,0,0,1,.83-3,17.5,17.5,0,0,0,12.68,6.32A6.06,6.06,0,0,1,14.62,9a6.14,6.14,0,0,1,6.14-6.15,6.33,6.33,0,0,1,4.52,1.95,12.48,12.48,0,0,0,3.89-1.5,6.16,6.16,0,0,1-2.71,3.41A12.07,12.07,0,0,0,30,5.69Z" fill="#231f20"/></svg></a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/BKCHarvard/" class="c-footer__social-item u-icon--m u-round u-background-color--primary u-path-fill--white"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 30 30"><title>icon--facebook</title><path d="M11.25,30V16.25H7.5v-5h3.75V6.87c0-3.54,2.22-6.87,7.5-6.87A24.59,24.59,0,0,1,22.5.28L22.29,5H19.06c-1.91,0-2.18,1-2.18,2.5v3.75H22.5l-.38,5H16.88V30Z" fill="#231f20"/></svg></a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/BerkmanCenter" class="c-footer__social-item u-icon--m u-round u-background-color--primary u-path-fill--white"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 30 30"><title>icon--youtube</title><path d="M15,4.38c15,0,15,0,15,10.62s0,10.63-15,10.63S0,25.63,0,15,0,4.38,15,4.38ZM11.25,20.63,20.62,15,11.25,9.38Z" fill="#231f20"/></svg></a> <a href="https://medium.com/berkman-klein-center" class="c-footer__social-item u-icon--m u-round u-background-color--primary u-path-fill--white"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 195 195"><title>icon-medium</title><path d="M25.39,52.19A7.19,7.19,0,0,0,23,46.1l-17.4-21V22H59.69l41.77,91.62L138.19,22h51.52v3.13L174.83,39.4a4.35,4.35,0,0,0-1.65,4.18V148.42a4.35,4.35,0,0,0,1.65,4.18l14.53,14.27V170h-73.1v-3.13l15-14.62c1.48-1.48,1.48-1.91,1.48-4.18V63.33L90.93,169.65H85.27L36.53,63.33v71.26a9.86,9.86,0,0,0,2.7,8.18l19.59,23.75v3.13H3.29v-3.13l19.58-23.75a9.49,9.49,0,0,0,2.52-8.18Z" fill="#231f20"/></svg></a> <a href="https://soundcloud.com/bkcplatform" class="c-footer__social-item u-icon--m u-round u-background-color--primary u-path-fill--white"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 30 30"><title>icon-soundcloud</title><path d="M8.84,22.21H7.61V12.28a5,5,0,0,1,1.23-.7Zm3.7,0h1.23V10.85A7.36,7.36,0,0,0,13,11.91l-.46-.23Zm-2.47,0h1.24V11.32a3.47,3.47,0,0,0-1.24,0Zm-4.92,0H6.38V13.57a5.8,5.8,0,0,0-.85,1.89l-.38-.23ZM1.46,15.75a3.76,3.76,0,0,0,0,5.58Zm23.24-.83a6.51,6.51,0,0,0-6.3-6.25A5.92,5.92,0,0,0,15,9.75V22.21H26.19a3.71,3.71,0,0,0,3.59-3.82A3.6,3.6,0,0,0,24.7,14.92Zm-20.78,0A2.64,2.64,0,0,0,2.69,15v7a3.14,3.14,0,0,0,1.23.17Z"/></svg></a></div></div></div></div></footer></div></div></div><script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"home","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":true,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"google_analytics":{"account":"UA-223559-18","trackOutbound":true,"trackMailto":true,"trackDownload":true,"trackDownloadExtensions":"7z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|csv|doc(x|m)?|dot(x|m)?|exe|flv|gif|gz|gzip|hqx|jar|jpe?g|js|mp(2|3|4|e?g)|mov(ie)?|msi|msp|pdf|phps|png|ppt(x|m)?|pot(x|m)?|pps(x|m)?|ppam|sld(x|m)?|thmx|qtm?|ra(m|r)?|sea|sit|tar|tgz|torrent|txt|wav|wma|wmv|wpd|xls(x|m|b)?|xlt(x|m)|xlam|xml|z|zip"},"matomo":{"disableCookies":null,"trackMailto":true},"ajaxTrustedUrl":{"\/search\/node":true},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"59d4376853f1b178cc84ffe52eb125117b609b919bd4c64e7da7a8023a1c4f09"}}</script><script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_BaBvQzizV4PCVUhAiExrRMT2xftfl70K30tNa9q6wTs.js?scope=footer&delta=0&language=en&theme=bkc&include=eJxLz89Pz0mNT8xLzKksyUwu1k9HE9DJTSzJz83Xh1A6SdnJ-kCsm5RYnAoA3DkXcA"></script></body></html>Resolver
Resolver ASN
AS13335
Resolver IP
172.68.101.57
Resolver Network Name
Cloudflare Inc
Report ID
20240919T114219Z_webconnectivity_GH_37074_n1_vqyEdHzxU0n719jN
Platform
windows
Software Name
ooniprobe-desktop-unattended (3.21.0)
Measurement Engine
ooniprobe-engine (3.21.0)