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<!doctype html><html lang="en" class="js-disabled"><head><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1"/><title>Our World in Data</title><meta name="description" content="Research and data to make progress against the world’s largest problems"/><link rel="canonical" href="https://ourworldindata.org"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="/atom.xml" title="Atom feed for Our World in Data"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/apple-touch-icon.png"/><link rel="preload" href="/fonts/LatoLatin-Regular.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"/><meta property="fb:app_id" content="1149943818390250"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://ourworldindata.org"/><meta property="og:title" content="Our World in Data"/><meta property="og:description" content="Research and data to make progress against the world’s largest problems"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://ourworldindata.org/default-thumbnail.png"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Our World in Data"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta name="twitter:site" content="@OurWorldInData"/><meta name="twitter:creator" content="@OurWorldInData"/><meta name="twitter:title" content="Our World in Data"/><meta name="twitter:description" content="Research and data to make progress against the world’s largest problems"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://ourworldindata.org/default-thumbnail.png"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/owid.mjs"/><link rel="preload" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/polyfill/v3/polyfill.min.js?version=4.8.0&amp;features=es2021,es2022,es2023,IntersectionObserver,IntersectionObserverEntry" as="script" data-cloudflare-disable-early-hints="true"/><link rel="preload" href="/assets/owid.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/owid.css"/><meta name="citation_title" content="OWID Homepage"/><meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://ourworldindata.org"/><meta name="citation_fulltext_world_readable" content=""/><meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2024/02/28"/><meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Our World in Data"/><meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="Our World in Data"/><meta name="citation_author" content="Our World in Data"/><script>window._OWID_GDOC_PROPS = {"slug":"owid-homepage","published":true,"createdAt":"2024-02-22T21:04:05.000Z","publishedAt":"2024-02-28T15:02:00.000Z","updatedAt":"2024-03-25T11:31:28.000Z","revisionId":"ALBJ4LvxkPM7k75cqVSsfOX3ZsYUjZFFLKoWnDBK3npgCc8yf1xe3pKDEM_MP2xfMB_eEPIMsuhu-g25_YaxeA","markdown":"### Popular pages\n* [COVID-19 Data Explorer](https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/coronavirus-data-explorer)\n* [CO₂ & Greenhouse Gas Emissions](https://ourworldindata.org/co2-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions)\n* [Child and Infant Mortality](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1h37-KpdZ3qAJ9xSA4OhbmGfmLr3Ydc_z9oHtDTszBuQ/edit)\n* [Artificial Intelligence](https://docs.google.com/document/d/11t6XP9vKLDHeiDOcfaPOoc4TeQxHRixSjEikAlbGe0A/edit)\n* [Energy](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1GRYE-mYiSEnes8rXjK6dCNi4KULLJB8KW03AOPci-b8/edit)\n* [Poverty](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UjJLoGF5VMfn8U4C3ZSJQrPhc_jFRkeEhrhz5Ksfq7M/edit)\n* [Global Education](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FbKVWqPddBZy0NcHzDG-BSoCsN5tJnok3RXcLo6R9ls/edit)\n\n\n\n- [Browse our Data Insights(https://ourworldindata.org/data-insights)]\n\n<KeyIndicatorCollection>\n<KeyIndicator datapageUrl=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality?time=earliest..latest\" title=\"What share of children die before their fifth birthday?\" source=\"Long-run estimates combining data from UN & Gapminder\"/>\n<KeyIndicator datapageUrl=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty\" title=\"What share of the population is living in extreme poverty?\"/>\n<KeyIndicator datapageUrl=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy\" title=\"How has people’s life expectancy changed over time?\" source=\"Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by Our World in Data\"/>\n<KeyIndicator datapageUrl=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita?tab=chart&country=USA~GBR~CHN~ZAF~PAN\" title=\"How have CO₂ emissions per capita changed?\" source=\"Long-run estimates from the Global Carbon Budget\"/>\n<KeyIndicator datapageUrl=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison\" title=\"How do average incomes compare between countries around the world?\" source=\"Long-run estimates from the Maddison Project Database\"/>\n<KeyIndicator datapageUrl=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment\" title=\"What share of the population is suffering from hunger?\"/>\n<KeyIndicator datapageUrl=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates?country=RUS~GBR~NLD~CRI~ISR~SGP~CHL~CHN~MAC~OWID_WRL~IND~TZA\" title=\"When has literacy become a widespread skill?\" source=\"Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by Our World in Data\"/>\n<KeyIndicator datapageUrl=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity?time=latest\" title=\"Where do people lack access to even the most basic electricity supply?\"/>\n</KeyIndicatorCollection>","publicationContext":"unlisted","breadcrumbs":null,"manualBreadcrumbs":null,"tags":[],"errors":[{"property":"linkedAuthors","message":"Author \"Our World in Data\" does not exist or is not published","type":"warning"}],"donors":[],"imageMetadata":{"antibiotics-development-thumbnail.png":{"id":2552,"filename":"antibiotics-development-thumbnail.png","defaultAlt":null,"updatedAt":1734702354231,"originalWidth":1200,"originalHeight":630,"cloudflareId":"7b3bf2c1-8af6-4e65-2e92-d5e4d781d800"},"poverty-minimum-growth-needed-featured-image.png":{"id":132,"filename":"poverty-minimum-growth-needed-featured-image.png","defaultAlt":null,"updatedAt":1688048302345,"originalWidth":1936,"originalHeight":966,"cloudflareId":"0d9927af-1028-4c0a-7372-c0c988051f00"},"simon-ehrlich-wager-featured.png":{"id":2389,"filename":"simon-ehrlich-wager-featured.png","defaultAlt":"Featured image","updatedAt":1732036971710,"originalWidth":3600,"originalHeight":1890,"cloudflareId":"0ca9751d-f29d-46bb-8e3f-31eaf6087d00"},"thumbnail_continents.png":{"id":2666,"filename":"thumbnail_continents.png","defaultAlt":"The image features an abstract design with flowing, wavy lines in varying shades of green and purple.","updatedAt":1736759223385,"originalWidth":1200,"originalHeight":630,"cloudflareId":"b514dca3-733b-4e55-481d-66d83f6c8900"},"thumbnail_migration_continents.png":{"id":2493,"filename":"thumbnail_migration_continents.png","defaultAlt":"A colorful, abstract data visualization featuring horizontal bands of various colors, including teal, blue, purple, orange, and brown. These bands are overlaid with flowing lines in different hues that crisscross and interact, creating intricate patterns. The lines represent connections or relationships between the different color bands, suggesting data movement or transitions. The background is a pale cream color, enhancing the contrast and visibility of the colored bands and lines. No specific labels or data sources are visible in the image.","updatedAt":1734014636293,"originalWidth":3600,"originalHeight":1890,"cloudflareId":"52b29637-7d81-4492-8e8f-2e46b03b7c00"},"cancer-death-rates-in-children-by-type-desktop.png":{"id":2608,"filename":"cancer-death-rates-in-children-by-type-desktop.png","defaultAlt":"This chart presents US cancer death rates in children under five years old, measured in reported annual death rates per 100,000 children. It consists of four graphs:\n\n1. All Malignant Cancers Combined: This graph, shown in black, illustrates a decline in childhood cancer death rates from about 11 per 100,000 in 1950 to around 1.8 in 2021, indicating a six-fold decrease since the 1950s.\n   \n2. Leukemia: This graph shows a decrease from around 5 per 100,000 in 1950 to less than 1 in 2021, following a similar declining trend throughout the decades.\n\n3. Brain and Nervous System Cancers: This chart shows some fluctuations but overall a decline from nearly 0.8 per 100,000 in 1950 to about 0.4 in 2021.\n\n4. Lymphomas and Multiple Myeloma: This graph shows fluctuations and a decline from around 0.8 in the late 1950s to less than 0.2 by 2021.\n\nThe data is sourced from the WHO Mortality Database (2024), with a note indicating that figures may fluctuate year-by-year due to low numbers.","updatedAt":1735903809109,"originalWidth":1700,"originalHeight":1200,"cloudflareId":"685f3cee-300b-44db-f953-a2ae2a0f0d00"},"cancer-death-rates-in-children-by-type-mobile.png":{"id":2633,"filename":"cancer-death-rates-in-children-by-type-mobile.png","defaultAlt":"This chart presents US cancer death rates in children under five years old, measured in reported annual death rates per 100,000 children. It consists of four graphs:\n\n1. All Malignant Cancers Combined: This graph, shown in black, illustrates a decline in childhood cancer death rates from about 11 per 100,000 in 1950 to around 1.8 in 2021, indicating a six-fold decrease since the 1950s.\n   \n2. Leukemia: This graph shows a decrease from around 5 per 100,000 in 1950 to less than 1 in 2021, following a similar declining trend throughout the decades.\n\n3. Brain and Nervous System Cancers: This chart shows some fluctuations but overall a decline from nearly 0.8 per 100,000 in 1950 to about 0.4 in 2021.\n\n4. Lymphomas and Multiple Myeloma: This graph shows fluctuations and a decline from around 0.8 in the late 1950s to less than 0.2 by 2021.\n\nThe data is sourced from the WHO Mortality Database (2024), with a note indicating that figures may fluctuate year-by-year due to low numbers.","updatedAt":1736449319533,"originalWidth":1080,"originalHeight":1080,"cloudflareId":"269dc2d8-d8f5-44b4-8f70-acd4d5e06300"},"global-cement-desktop.png":{"id":2172,"filename":"global-cement-desktop.png","defaultAlt":"The chart shows global cement production from 1926 to 2023, highlighting a significant rise in production over the last century. The y-axis represents production in billions of tons, and the x-axis shows the timeline.\n\nFrom 1926 to around 2000, there was a steady increase in cement production, followed by rapid growth between 2003 and 2013, during which production doubled. The chart notes this doubling with a marker. After 2013, growth slowed, with the line showing a plateau and slight fluctuations. The graph emphasizes that growth in cement production has decelerated over the last decade after the earlier rapid expansion.","updatedAt":1728900962794,"originalWidth":2550,"originalHeight":1800,"cloudflareId":"aa58dede-cf82-4e14-5086-48a2a8600700"},"global-cement-mobile.png":{"id":2173,"filename":"global-cement-mobile.png","defaultAlt":"The chart shows global cement production from 1926 to 2023, highlighting a significant rise in production over the last century. The y-axis represents production in billions of tons, and the x-axis shows the timeline.\n\nFrom 1926 to around 2000, there was a steady increase in cement production, followed by rapid growth between 2003 and 2013, during which production doubled. The chart notes this doubling with a marker. After 2013, growth slowed, with the line showing a plateau and slight fluctuations. The graph emphasizes that growth in cement production has decelerated over the last decade after the earlier rapid expansion.","updatedAt":1728900736478,"originalWidth":1620,"originalHeight":1620,"cloudflareId":"4fa853e0-9476-4109-df59-591a24dcef00"},"peak-child-desktop.png":{"id":2137,"filename":"peak-child-desktop.png","defaultAlt":"This chart titled \"The world has passed 'peak child'\" shows the historical and projected population of three age groups: young people under 25 years, young people under 15 years, and children under 5 years. Data spans from 1950 to 2100, based on UN estimates and projections.\n\nThe blue line represents the population under 25 years, showing steady growth until around 2050 when it starts to slightly decline.\nThe red line represents those under 15 years, peaking around 2020, and then gradually declining after that point.\nThe green line shows children under 5 years, which has largely plateaued since the 1990s and is projected to decrease over time.\nThe chart indicates that the global number of children has reached its peak, and a long-term decline in younger populations is expected.","updatedAt":1728283634481,"originalWidth":1700,"originalHeight":1200,"cloudflareId":"ce49e29f-6b3f-48d7-1794-91765766f800"},"peak-child-mobile.png":{"id":2138,"filename":"peak-child-mobile.png","defaultAlt":"This chart titled \"The world has passed 'peak child'\" shows the historical and projected population of three age groups: young people under 25 years, young people under 15 years, and children under 5 years. Data spans from 1950 to 2100, based on UN estimates and projections.\n\nThe blue line represents the population under 25 years, showing steady growth until around 2050 when it starts to slightly decline.\nThe red line represents those under 15 years, peaking around 2020, and then gradually declining after that point.\nThe green line shows children under 5 years, which has largely plateaued since the 1990s and is projected to decrease over time.\nThe chart indicates that the global number of children has reached its peak, and a long-term decline in younger populations is expected.","updatedAt":1728283638860,"originalWidth":1080,"originalHeight":1080,"cloudflareId":"053abfe9-1819-48b6-0303-d8723cc87a00"},"refugees-by-destination-per-1000-people-desktop.png":{"id":2542,"filename":"refugees-by-destination-per-1000-people-desktop.png","defaultAlt":"A bar chart displaying the number of refugees per 1,000 people in various countries for the year 2023. The country with the highest number is Lebanon, with 137 refugees per 1,000 people. Following Lebanon is Jordan with 60 refugees, Turkey with 37, and Germany with 31. Other countries listed include Poland (25), Netherlands (13), France (10), the United Kingdom (6.5), Italy (5), and the United States (1.2). The chart includes flags representing each country next to their respective data. The source of this data is the UNHCR, 2024, and the visualization is attributed to Our World in Data.","updatedAt":1734636850105,"originalWidth":1700,"originalHeight":1200,"cloudflareId":"18b78701-560b-4d78-5ed3-1e8b2e556300"},"refugees-by-destination-per-1000-people-mobile.png":{"id":2543,"filename":"refugees-by-destination-per-1000-people-mobile.png","defaultAlt":"A bar chart displays the number of refugees per 1,000 people in various countries for the year 2023. The countries are listed on the left alongside their corresponding values represented by horizontal bars. Lebanon has the highest number, with 137 refugees per 1,000 people, followed by Jordan with 60. Turkey follows with 37, while Germany has 31. Poland shows 25 refugees per 1,000, and the Netherlands has 13. France reports 10, the UK shows 6.5, Italy has 5, and the US has the lowest with 1.2. Each country is accompanied by its national flag. The data is sourced from UNHCR for 2024 and can be found at OurWorldInData.org/migration.","updatedAt":1734636859378,"originalWidth":1620,"originalHeight":1620,"cloudflareId":"34ddb631-c20d-4eb5-1dd4-53b3060cdc00"},"share-multi-poverty-desktop.png":{"id":2616,"filename":"share-multi-poverty-desktop.png","defaultAlt":"A world map illustrates the share of the population living in multidimensional poverty, defined as deprivation in health, education, and living standards. The map employs varying shades of purple and pink to indicate the percentage of the population affected by multidimensional poverty in different countries. \nCountries are marked with a gradient from light pink (representing 0% of the population living in multidimensional poverty) to dark purple (representing 100%). For some countries, specific percentages are highlighted, such as 91% in Niger, 84% in Chad, and 80% in the Central African Republic. Areas with no data are shown in diagonal stripes. The footer notes the data comes from Alkire, Kanagaratnam, and Suppa (2024) as part of the Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) 2024. It mentions that the estimates are based on recent household survey data from 2011 to 2023, but for 62% of countries, the data refers to the period after 2018. The chart is published by Our World in Data.","updatedAt":1736162738845,"originalWidth":1700,"originalHeight":1200,"cloudflareId":"e3b7ee3a-0fa5-4687-0911-7401a257d100"},"share-multi-poverty-mobile-v1.png":{"id":2617,"filename":"share-multi-poverty-mobile-v1.png","defaultAlt":"A world map illustrates the share of the population living in multidimensional poverty, defined as deprivation in health, education, and living standards. The map employs varying shades of purple and pink to indicate the percentage of the population affected by multidimensional poverty in different countries. \nCountries are marked with a gradient from light pink (representing 0% of the population living in multidimensional poverty) to dark purple (representing 100%). For some countries, specific percentages are highlighted, such as 91% in Niger, 84% in Chad, and 80% in the Central African Republic. Areas with no data are shown in diagonal stripes. The footer notes the data comes from Alkire, Kanagaratnam, and Suppa (2024) as part of the Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) 2024. It mentions that the estimates are based on recent household survey data from 2011 to 2023, but for 62% of countries, the data refers to the period after 2018. The chart is published by Our World in Data.","updatedAt":1736162752098,"originalWidth":1620,"originalHeight":1620,"cloudflareId":"59a17bc6-8169-40f4-b6c9-feaabc1f8800"},"share-with-access-to-electricity-bgd-desktop.png":{"id":2669,"filename":"share-with-access-to-electricity-bgd-desktop.png","defaultAlt":"A line graph illustrates the share of the population in Bangladesh with access to basic electricity from 1991 to 2021. Basic electricity means it can provide lighting, and charge a phone or power a radio for at least four hours per day.\n\nAnnotations on the graph explain: \"In 1991, only ~14% of the Bangladeshi population had basic access to electricity\" and \"In 2021, 99% of people had electricity access.\"","updatedAt":1736767912590,"originalWidth":3400,"originalHeight":2400,"cloudflareId":"a57622f7-6d79-4a24-eda7-44d54cc41e00"},"share-with-access-to-electricity-bgd-mobile.png":{"id":2671,"filename":"share-with-access-to-electricity-bgd-mobile.png","defaultAlt":"A line graph illustrates the share of the population in Bangladesh with access to basic electricity from 1991 to 2021. Basic electricity means it can provide lighting, and charge a phone or power a radio for at least four hours per day.\n\nAnnotations on the graph explain: \"In 1991, only ~14% of the Bangladeshi population had basic access to electricity\" and \"In 2021, 99% of people had electricity access.\"","updatedAt":1736768030885,"originalWidth":2160,"originalHeight":2160,"cloudflareId":"e8490ca5-2030-4798-eca9-259994fb3d00"},"smoking-gender-desktop.png":{"id":2657,"filename":"smoking-gender-desktop.png","defaultAlt":"This is an image of a scatter plot comparing the share of adult men and women who smoke any form of tobacco across different countries. The x-axis represents the share of women who smoke, while the y-axis represents the share of men who smoke. Each dot on the graph represents a country, and countries are color-coded by region: Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, Oceania, and South America.\n\nThe plot shows that in almost every country, a higher percentage of men smoke compared to women, as most countries fall above the diagonal line labeled \"A higher share of men smoke.\"","updatedAt":1736542753962,"originalWidth":1700,"originalHeight":1200,"cloudflareId":"3fa4c41c-dc35-49c4-44c8-b2a234668b00"},"smoking-gender-mobile.png":{"id":2658,"filename":"smoking-gender-mobile.png","defaultAlt":"This is an image of a scatter plot comparing the share of adult men and women who smoke any form of tobacco across different countries. The x-axis represents the share of women who smoke, while the y-axis represents the share of men who smoke. Each dot on the graph represents a country, and countries are color-coded by region: Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, Oceania, and South America.\n\nThe plot shows that in almost every country, a higher percentage of men smoke compared to women, as most countries fall above the diagonal line labeled \"A higher share of men smoke.\"","updatedAt":1736542767379,"originalWidth":1080,"originalHeight":1080,"cloudflareId":"9312fff6-2062-4f2a-cdb3-68a19b838000"}},"linkedAuthors":[],"linkedCharts":{"child-mortality":{"configType":"grapher","originalSlug":"child-mortality","title":"Child mortality rate","tab":"chart","resolvedUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality","thumbnail":"https://assets.ourworldindata.org/grapher/exports/child-mortality.svg","tags":[],"indicatorId":989105},"share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty":{"configType":"grapher","originalSlug":"share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty","title":"Share of population living in extreme 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For child mortality to reach low levels, many things have to go right at the same time: ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/financing-healthcare","children":[{"text":"good healthcare","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":", ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/hunger-and-undernourishment","children":[{"text":"good nutrition","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":", ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/clean-water-sanitation","children":[{"text":"clean water and sanitation","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":", ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/maternal-mortality","children":[{"text":"maternal health","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":", and high ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/economic-growth","children":[{"text":"living standards","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":". We can, therefore, think of ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/child-mortality","children":[{"text":"child mortality","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" as a proxy indicator of a country’s living conditions.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The chart shows our long-run data on child mortality, which allows you to see how child mortality has changed in countries around the world.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"type":"key-indicator","title":"What share of children die before their fifth birthday?","source":"Long-run estimates combining data from UN & Gapminder","datapageUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality?time=earliest..latest","parseErrors":[]},{"text":[{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The UN sets the “International Poverty Line” as a worldwide comparable definition for extreme poverty. Extreme poverty is currently defined as living on less than $2.15 per day. This indicator, published by the World Bank, has successfully drawn attention to the terrible depths of poverty of the poorest people in the world.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Two centuries ago, ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/extreme-poverty-in-brief","children":[{"text":"the majority","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" of the world’s population was extremely poor. Back then, it was widely believed that widespread poverty was inevitable. This turned out to be wrong. Economic growth is possible and ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/what-is-economic-growth","children":[{"text":"makes it possible","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" for entire societies to leave the deep poverty of the past behind. Whether or not countries are leaving the worst poverty behind can be monitored by relying on this indicator.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"type":"key-indicator","title":"What share of the population lives in extreme poverty?","datapageUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty","parseErrors":[]},{"text":[{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Across the world, people are living longer. In 1900, the global average life expectancy of a newborn was 32 years. By 2021, this had more than doubled to 71 years.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Big improvements were achieved by countries ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/life-expectancy-globally","children":[{"text":"around the world","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":". The chart shows that life expectancy has more than doubled in every region of the world. This improvement is not only due to declining child mortality; life expectancy increased ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/its-not-just-about-child-mortality-life-expectancy-improved-at-all-ages","children":[{"text":"at all ages","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":".","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"This visualization shows long-run estimates of life expectancy brought together by our team from several different data sources. It also shows that the ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus","children":[{"text":"COVID-19 pandemic","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" led to reduced life expectancy worldwide.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"type":"key-indicator","title":"How has people’s life expectancy changed over time?","source":"Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by Our World in Data","datapageUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy","parseErrors":[]},{"text":[{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The main source of carbon dioxide (CO","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"children":[{"text":"2","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-subscript"},{"text":") emissions is the burning of fossil fuels. It is the primary ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/co2-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions","children":[{"text":"greenhouse gas","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" causing ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/climate-change","children":[{"text":"climate change","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":".","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Globally, CO","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"children":[{"text":"2","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-subscript"},{"text":" emissions have remained at just below 5 tonnes per person for over a decade. Between countries, however, there are large differences, and while emissions are rapidly increasing in some countries, they are rapidly falling in others.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The source for this CO","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"children":[{"text":"2","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-subscript"},{"text":" data is the Global Carbon Budget, a dataset we update yearly as soon as it is published. In addition to these production-based emissions, they publish consumption-based emissions for the last three decades, which can be viewed in our ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/co2?facet=none&country=CHN~USA~IND~FRA&Gas+or+Warming=CO%E2%82%82&Accounting=Consumption-based&Fuel+or+Land+Use+Change=All+fossil+emissions&Count=Per+capita","children":[{"text":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data Explorer","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":".","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"type":"key-indicator","title":"How have CO₂ emissions per capita changed?","source":"Long-run estimates from the Global Carbon Budget","datapageUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita?tab=chart&country=USA~GBR~CHN~ZAF~PAN","parseErrors":[]},{"text":[{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"GDP per capita is a very comprehensive measure of people’s ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/what-is-economic-growth","children":[{"text":"average income","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":". This indicator reveals how large the inequality between people in different countries is. In the poorest countries, people live on less than $1,000 per year, while in rich countries, the average income is more than 50 times higher.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The data shown is sourced from the Maddison Project Database. Drawing together the careful work of hundreds of economic historians, the particular value of this data lies in the historical coverage it provides. This data makes clear that the vast majority of people in all countries ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/extreme-history-methods","children":[{"text":"were poor","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" in the past. It allows us to understand when and how the ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/economic-growth","children":[{"text":"economic growth","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" that made it possible ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/breaking-the-malthusian-trap","children":[{"text":"to leave","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" the deep poverty of the past behind was achieved.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"type":"key-indicator","title":"How do average incomes compare between countries around the world?","source":"Long-run estimates from the Maddison Project Database","datapageUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison","parseErrors":[]},{"text":[{"type":"text","value":[{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/hunger-and-undernourishment","children":[{"text":"Hunger","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" has been a severe problem for most of humanity throughout history. Growing enough food to feed one’s family was a constant struggle in daily life. Food shortages, malnutrition, and ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/famines","children":[{"text":"famines","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" were common around the world.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization publishes global data on undernourishment, defined as not consuming enough calories to maintain a normal, active, healthy life. These minimum requirements vary by a person’s sex, weight, height, and activity levels. This is considered in these national and global estimates.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The world has made much progress in reducing global hunger in recent decades. But we are still far away from an end to hunger, as this indicator shows. Tragically, nearly one in ten people still do not get enough food to eat and in recent years — especially during the pandemic — hunger levels have increased.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"type":"key-indicator","title":"What share of the population is suffering from hunger?","datapageUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment","parseErrors":[]},{"text":[{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Literacy is a foundational skill. Children need to learn to read so that they can read to learn. When we fail to teach this foundational skill, people have fewer opportunities to lead the rich and interesting lives that a good education offers.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The historical data shows that only a very small share of the population, a tiny elite, was able to read and write. 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href="#all-topics" class="homepage-search__all-topics-link">120 topics</a><span class="homepage-search__open-source-notice">All free: open access and open source</span></p></div><section class="article-block__homepage-intro grid grid-cols-12-full-width span-cols-14"><section class="span-cols-3 col-start-2 homepage-intro__our-mission-container"><h2 class="h5-black-caps homepage-intro__our-mission-heading">Our Mission</h2><div class="homepage-intro__mission-wrapper"><p class="homepage-intro__our-mission-lead">What do we need to know to make the world a better place?</p><p class="homepage-intro__mission-answer">To make progress against the pressing problems the world faces, we need to be informed by the best research and data.</p><p class="homepage-intro__mission-answer">Our World in Data makes this knowledge accessible and understandable, to empower those working to build a better world.</p><a class="homepage-intro__mission-link body-2-semibold" href="/problems-and-progress">Read about our mission <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a><a class="owid-btn owid-btn--outline-vermillion homepage-intro__subscribe-button body-3-medium" href="#subscribe">Subscribe to our newsletters </a></div><div class="homepage-intro__mission-wrapper body-3-medium"><p><strong>We are a non-profit — all our work is free to use and open source.</strong> Consider supporting us if you find our work valuable.</p><a class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-vermillion homepage-intro__donate-button" href="/donate">Donate to support us </a></div><div class="h6-black-caps">As seen on</div><img 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From left to right: Science, Nature, PNAS, BBC, Financial Times, The New York Times, The Guardian, The Atlantic, and The Washington Post" width="230" height="75" loading="lazy"/></section><section class="grid grid-cols-9 span-cols-9 col-start-5 span-md-cols-12 col-md-start-2 homepage-intro__right-section"><h2 class="span-cols-9 span-md-cols-12 h5-black-caps homepage-intro__featured-work-heading">Featured work</h2><div class="grid grid-cols-9 span-cols-9 span-md-cols-12 homepage-intro__featured-work-container"><div class="homepage-intro__primary-tiles span-cols-6"><a href="/great-global-redistributor-money-sent-brought-back-migrants-remittances?tab=t.0" class="homepage-intro__featured-tile"><div class="image"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/b514dca3-733b-4e55-481d-66d83f6c8900/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/b514dca3-733b-4e55-481d-66d83f6c8900/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/b514dca3-733b-4e55-481d-66d83f6c8900/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/b514dca3-733b-4e55-481d-66d83f6c8900/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/b514dca3-733b-4e55-481d-66d83f6c8900/w=1200 1200w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 640px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/b514dca3-733b-4e55-481d-66d83f6c8900/w=1200" alt="The image features an abstract design with flowing, wavy lines in varying shades of green and purple." class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="thumbnail_continents.png" width="1200" height="630"/></picture></div><span class="h6-black-caps homepage-intro__featured-work-kicker">Article · 9 min read</span><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-title">The great global redistributor we never hear about: money sent or brought back by migrants</p><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-description">Migrants send or bring back over three times the amount of global foreign aid. Cutting transaction fees could make this support even more effective in reducing poverty.</p><p class="body-3-medium-italic homepage-intro__featured-work-authors">Simon van Teutem and Tuna Acisu</p></a></div><div class="homepage-intro__secondary-tiles span-cols-3 col-start-7"><a href="/poverty-minimum-growth-needed" class="homepage-intro__featured-tile"><div class="image"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/0d9927af-1028-4c0a-7372-c0c988051f00/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/0d9927af-1028-4c0a-7372-c0c988051f00/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/0d9927af-1028-4c0a-7372-c0c988051f00/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/0d9927af-1028-4c0a-7372-c0c988051f00/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/0d9927af-1028-4c0a-7372-c0c988051f00/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/0d9927af-1028-4c0a-7372-c0c988051f00/w=1936 1936w" type="image/png" sizes="350px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/0d9927af-1028-4c0a-7372-c0c988051f00/w=1936" class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="poverty-minimum-growth-needed-featured-image.png" width="1936" height="966"/></picture></div><span class="h6-black-caps homepage-intro__featured-work-kicker">From our classics</span><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-title">How much economic growth is necessary to reduce global poverty substantially?</p><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-description">We study the data on today&#x27;s global inequality to calculate the minimum aggregate growth that is required to reduce global poverty substantially.</p><p class="body-3-medium-italic homepage-intro__featured-work-authors">Max Roser</p></a><a href="/simon-ehrlich-bet" class="homepage-intro__featured-tile"><div class="image"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/0ca9751d-f29d-46bb-8e3f-31eaf6087d00/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/0ca9751d-f29d-46bb-8e3f-31eaf6087d00/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/0ca9751d-f29d-46bb-8e3f-31eaf6087d00/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/0ca9751d-f29d-46bb-8e3f-31eaf6087d00/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/0ca9751d-f29d-46bb-8e3f-31eaf6087d00/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/0ca9751d-f29d-46bb-8e3f-31eaf6087d00/w=3600 3600w" type="image/png" sizes="350px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/0ca9751d-f29d-46bb-8e3f-31eaf6087d00/w=3600" alt="Featured image" class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="simon-ehrlich-wager-featured.png" width="3600" height="1890"/></picture></div><span class="h6-black-caps homepage-intro__featured-work-kicker">Article · 8 min read</span><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-title">Who would have won the Simon-Ehrlich bet over different decades, and what do long-term prices tell us about resource scarcity?</p><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-description">In the 1980s, economist Julian Simon won his bet with biologist Paul Ehrlich on mineral prices. But what does the long-term data tell us about supply and demand for resources?</p><p class="body-3-medium-italic homepage-intro__featured-work-authors">Hannah Ritchie</p></a></div><div class="homepage-intro__tertiary-tiles span-cols-6 grid grid-cols-6"><a href="/golden-age-antibiotics" class="homepage-intro__featured-tile span-cols-3"><div class="image"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/7b3bf2c1-8af6-4e65-2e92-d5e4d781d800/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/7b3bf2c1-8af6-4e65-2e92-d5e4d781d800/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/7b3bf2c1-8af6-4e65-2e92-d5e4d781d800/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/7b3bf2c1-8af6-4e65-2e92-d5e4d781d800/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/7b3bf2c1-8af6-4e65-2e92-d5e4d781d800/w=1200 1200w" type="image/png" sizes="350px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/7b3bf2c1-8af6-4e65-2e92-d5e4d781d800/w=1200" class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="antibiotics-development-thumbnail.png" width="1200" height="630"/></picture></div><span class="h6-black-caps homepage-intro__featured-work-kicker">Article · 7 min read</span><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-title">What was the Golden Age of Antibiotics, and how can we spark a new one?</p><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-description">Many antibiotics were developed during the “Golden Age of Antibiotics”. How did it happen, why has antibiotic development slowed down since then, and what can we do to reignite it?</p><p class="body-3-medium-italic homepage-intro__featured-work-authors">Saloni Dattani</p></a><a href="/international-migrants-dont-move-far" class="homepage-intro__featured-tile span-cols-3"><div class="image"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/52b29637-7d81-4492-8e8f-2e46b03b7c00/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/52b29637-7d81-4492-8e8f-2e46b03b7c00/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/52b29637-7d81-4492-8e8f-2e46b03b7c00/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/52b29637-7d81-4492-8e8f-2e46b03b7c00/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/52b29637-7d81-4492-8e8f-2e46b03b7c00/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/52b29637-7d81-4492-8e8f-2e46b03b7c00/w=3600 3600w" type="image/png" sizes="350px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/52b29637-7d81-4492-8e8f-2e46b03b7c00/w=3600" alt="A colorful, abstract data visualization featuring horizontal bands of various colors, including teal, blue, purple, orange, and brown. These bands are overlaid with flowing lines in different hues that crisscross and interact, creating intricate patterns. The lines represent connections or relationships between the different color bands, suggesting data movement or transitions. The background is a pale cream color, enhancing the contrast and visibility of the colored bands and lines. No specific labels or data sources are visible in the image." class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="thumbnail_migration_continents.png" width="3600" height="1890"/></picture></div><span class="h6-black-caps homepage-intro__featured-work-kicker">Article · 7 min read</span><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-title">Most international migrants don’t move very far from their home countries</p><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-description">Long-distance moves are becoming more common, but they remain the exception. For most, international migration still means crossing a nearby border, not an ocean.</p><p class="body-3-medium-italic homepage-intro__featured-work-authors">Simon van Teutem and Tuna Acisu</p></a></div><div class="span-cols-6 homepage-intro__see-all-work-button-container"><a class="owid-btn owid-btn--outline-vermillion body-3-medium homepage-intro__see-all-work-button" href="/latest">See all our latest work <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div></div><div class="span-cols-6 span-sm-cols-12"><a class="owid-btn owid-btn--outline-vermillion body-3-medium homepage-intro__see-all-work-button homepage-intro__see-all-work-button--mobile" href="/latest">See all our latest work <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div></section></section><section class="article-block__latest-data-insights grid grid-cols-12-full-width span-cols-14 latest-data-insights-block"><header class="latest-data-insights-block__header span-cols-8 col-start-2 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><h2 class="h2-bold">Daily Data Insights</h2><p class="body-2-regular">Bite-sized insights on how the world is changing, published every weekday.</p></header><a class="owid-btn owid-btn--outline-vermillion latest-data-insights-block__see-all-data-insights-button body-3-medium span-cols-4 col-start-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2" href="/data-insights">See all Daily Data Insights <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a><div class="latest-data-insights span-cols-12 col-start-2"><div class="latest-data-insights__viewport"><div class="latest-data-insights__card-container"><a class="latest-data-insights__card latest-data-insights__card__data-insight" href="/data-insights#most-recent-data-insight"><div class="image latest-data-insights__card-left"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/e8490ca5-2030-4798-eca9-259994fb3d00/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/e8490ca5-2030-4798-eca9-259994fb3d00/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/e8490ca5-2030-4798-eca9-259994fb3d00/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/e8490ca5-2030-4798-eca9-259994fb3d00/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/e8490ca5-2030-4798-eca9-259994fb3d00/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/e8490ca5-2030-4798-eca9-259994fb3d00/w=2160 2160w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 533px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/e8490ca5-2030-4798-eca9-259994fb3d00/w=2160" alt="A line graph illustrates the share of the population in Bangladesh with access to basic electricity from 1991 to 2021. Basic electricity means it can provide lighting, and charge a phone or power a radio for at least four hours per day.

Annotations on the graph explain: &quot;In 1991, only ~14% of the Bangladeshi population had basic access to electricity&quot; and &quot;In 2021, 99% of people had electricity access.&quot;" class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="share-with-access-to-electricity-bgd-mobile.png" width="2160" height="2160"/></picture></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-right"><p class="data-insight-dateline latest-data-insights__card-dateline"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="calendar-day" class="svg-inline--fa fa-calendar-day data-insight-dateline__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M128 0c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32V64H288V32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32V64h48c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48v48H0V112C0 85.5 21.5 64 48 64H96V32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32zM0 192H448V464c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V192zm80 64c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16v96c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16h96c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16V272c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16H80z"></path></svg>Yesterday</p><h3 class="latest-data-insights__card-title">In the last 30 years, almost everybody in Bangladesh gained access to basic electricity</h3><div class="latest-data-insights__card-body"><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>In 1991, fewer than 15% of people in Bangladesh had access to electricity. Thirty years later, access was almost universal.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Over 100 million Bangladeshis have gained access to electricity during this time. This enables them to </span><span><span>light their homes</span></span><span>, use household appliances, or stay connected through </span><span><span>phones and the Internet</span></span><span>.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>The statistic measures the lowest </span><span><span>“tier” of energy access</span></span><span>: the capacity for basic lighting and charging a phone for at least four hours a day. But more than half the people in Bangladesh now also have a </span><span><span>higher tier of electricity access</span></span><span>, which means capacity to power high-load appliances (such as fridges) and electricity for more than eight hours a day.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>The UN has set a target to achieve universal access to electricity by 2030. Currently, about </span><span><span>9 in 10 people worldwide</span></span><span> have basic access to electricity.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span><span>You can explore the progress in other countries in our SDG Tracker here</span></span><span> →</span></p></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-continue"><span class="body-3-medium-underlined">Continue reading</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="font-size:10px"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><a class="latest-data-insights__card latest-data-insights__card__data-insight" href="/data-insights#second-most-recent-data-insight"><div class="image latest-data-insights__card-left"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/4fa853e0-9476-4109-df59-591a24dcef00/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/4fa853e0-9476-4109-df59-591a24dcef00/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/4fa853e0-9476-4109-df59-591a24dcef00/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/4fa853e0-9476-4109-df59-591a24dcef00/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/4fa853e0-9476-4109-df59-591a24dcef00/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/4fa853e0-9476-4109-df59-591a24dcef00/w=1620 1620w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 533px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/4fa853e0-9476-4109-df59-591a24dcef00/w=1620" alt="The chart shows global cement production from 1926 to 2023, highlighting a significant rise in production over the last century. The y-axis represents production in billions of tons, and the x-axis shows the timeline.

From 1926 to around 2000, there was a steady increase in cement production, followed by rapid growth between 2003 and 2013, during which production doubled. The chart notes this doubling with a marker. After 2013, growth slowed, with the line showing a plateau and slight fluctuations. The graph emphasizes that growth in cement production has decelerated over the last decade after the earlier rapid expansion." class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="global-cement-mobile.png" width="1620" height="1620"/></picture></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-right"><p class="data-insight-dateline latest-data-insights__card-dateline"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="calendar-day" class="svg-inline--fa fa-calendar-day data-insight-dateline__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M128 0c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32V64H288V32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32V64h48c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48v48H0V112C0 85.5 21.5 64 48 64H96V32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32zM0 192H448V464c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V192zm80 64c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16v96c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16h96c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16V272c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16H80z"></path></svg>January 16</p><h3 class="latest-data-insights__card-title">Global cement production has plateaued over the last decade</h3><div class="latest-data-insights__card-body"><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Global cement production grew rapidly through the 1980s, 1990s and early 2000s. In the decade from 2003 to 2013 alone, production doubled from 2 to 4 billion tonnes.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>But, as you can see in the chart, this growth has stalled in the last 10 years. There has been some variation from year to year, but overall, global production has stayed around 4 billion tonnes. This data comes from the </span><span><span>United States Geological Survey (USGS)</span></span><span>.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>China was a significant driver of global growth in the 1990s and 2000s but has also reached a plateau in production. It now produces more than half of the world’s cement.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Cement production makes up around </span><span><span>7% of global CO</span></span><sub><a href="https://www.iea.org/news/cement-technology-roadmap-plots-path-to-cutting-co2-emissions-24-by-2050" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>2</span></a></sub><span> </span><span><span>emissions</span></span><span>.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span><span>Explore global trends in other metals and minerals in our data explorer</span></span><span> →</span></p></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-continue"><span class="body-3-medium-underlined">Continue reading</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="font-size:10px"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><a class="latest-data-insights__card latest-data-insights__card__data-insight" href="/data-insights#third-most-recent-data-insight"><div class="image latest-data-insights__card-left"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/34ddb631-c20d-4eb5-1dd4-53b3060cdc00/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/34ddb631-c20d-4eb5-1dd4-53b3060cdc00/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/34ddb631-c20d-4eb5-1dd4-53b3060cdc00/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/34ddb631-c20d-4eb5-1dd4-53b3060cdc00/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/34ddb631-c20d-4eb5-1dd4-53b3060cdc00/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/34ddb631-c20d-4eb5-1dd4-53b3060cdc00/w=1620 1620w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 533px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/34ddb631-c20d-4eb5-1dd4-53b3060cdc00/w=1620" alt="A bar chart displays the number of refugees per 1,000 people in various countries for the year 2023. The countries are listed on the left alongside their corresponding values represented by horizontal bars. Lebanon has the highest number, with 137 refugees per 1,000 people, followed by Jordan with 60. Turkey follows with 37, while Germany has 31. Poland shows 25 refugees per 1,000, and the Netherlands has 13. France reports 10, the UK shows 6.5, Italy has 5, and the US has the lowest with 1.2. Each country is accompanied by its national flag. The data is sourced from UNHCR for 2024 and can be found at OurWorldInData.org/migration." class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="refugees-by-destination-per-1000-people-mobile.png" width="1620" height="1620"/></picture></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-right"><p class="data-insight-dateline latest-data-insights__card-dateline"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="calendar-day" class="svg-inline--fa fa-calendar-day data-insight-dateline__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M128 0c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32V64H288V32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32V64h48c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48v48H0V112C0 85.5 21.5 64 48 64H96V32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32zM0 192H448V464c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V192zm80 64c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16v96c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16h96c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16V272c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16H80z"></path></svg>January 15</p><h3 class="latest-data-insights__card-title">Countries differ sharply in how many refugees they host</h3><div class="latest-data-insights__card-body"><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Some countries take in far more refugees than others relative to their population.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>A </span><span class="dod-span" data-id="refugee" tabindex="0"><span>refugee</span></span><span> is defined </span><span><span>by the UN</span></span><span> as someone needing international protection, who has fled their home country and whose home country’s government cannot or will not protect them.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>This chart shows the cumulative number of refugees per 1,000 people in the country where they live as of 2023.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>There are huge differences between countries: Lebanon hosts 137 refugees for every 1,000 residents — over four times as many as Germany (31) or Poland (25). Those numbers are still much higher than the Netherlands (13) and France (10), far above the United States at just 1.2 refugees per 1,000 residents.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>These differences reflect conflicts in neighboring regions and national policies welcoming or deterring refugees.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span><span>Explore the number of refugees per 1,000 people for more destination countries</span></span><span> →</span></p></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-continue"><span class="body-3-medium-underlined">Continue reading</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="font-size:10px"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><a class="latest-data-insights__card latest-data-insights__card__data-insight" href="/data-insights#fourth-most-recent-data-insight"><div class="image latest-data-insights__card-left"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/59a17bc6-8169-40f4-b6c9-feaabc1f8800/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/59a17bc6-8169-40f4-b6c9-feaabc1f8800/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/59a17bc6-8169-40f4-b6c9-feaabc1f8800/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/59a17bc6-8169-40f4-b6c9-feaabc1f8800/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/59a17bc6-8169-40f4-b6c9-feaabc1f8800/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/59a17bc6-8169-40f4-b6c9-feaabc1f8800/w=1620 1620w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 533px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/59a17bc6-8169-40f4-b6c9-feaabc1f8800/w=1620" alt="A world map illustrates the share of the population living in multidimensional poverty, defined as deprivation in health, education, and living standards. The map employs varying shades of purple and pink to indicate the percentage of the population affected by multidimensional poverty in different countries. 
Countries are marked with a gradient from light pink (representing 0% of the population living in multidimensional poverty) to dark purple (representing 100%). For some countries, specific percentages are highlighted, such as 91% in Niger, 84% in Chad, and 80% in the Central African Republic. Areas with no data are shown in diagonal stripes. The footer notes the data comes from Alkire, Kanagaratnam, and Suppa (2024) as part of the Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) 2024. It mentions that the estimates are based on recent household survey data from 2011 to 2023, but for 62% of countries, the data refers to the period after 2018. The chart is published by Our World in Data." class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="share-multi-poverty-mobile-v1.png" width="1620" height="1620"/></picture></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-right"><p class="data-insight-dateline latest-data-insights__card-dateline"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="calendar-day" class="svg-inline--fa fa-calendar-day data-insight-dateline__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M128 0c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32V64H288V32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32V64h48c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48v48H0V112C0 85.5 21.5 64 48 64H96V32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32zM0 192H448V464c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V192zm80 64c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16v96c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16h96c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16V272c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16H80z"></path></svg>January 14</p><h3 class="latest-data-insights__card-title">In many countries, more than half of the population faces poverty in multiple dimensions</h3><div class="latest-data-insights__card-body"><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>The experience of poverty goes far beyond having </span><span><span>no or low income</span></span><span>. Unfortunately, still in many countries today, a large share of people experience severe poverty in many areas of life, such as health, education, and living standards.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>To capture this broader reality, researchers from the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative and the UN Development Programme developed the global </span><span><span>Multidimensional Poverty Index</span></span><span>. This group of indicators measures poverty across essential areas of well-being, capturing whether people are undernourished, whether they lost a child, and lack access to education or basic facilities like clean water or electricity.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>The map shows the share of the population in each country living in multidimensional poverty</span><em><span>, </span></em><span>highlighting where households face overlapping deprivations.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>In countries across South America and some in East Asia, this share is less than 10%. But in many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, more than half of the people experience these extreme conditions. The share even exceeds 4 in 5 people in Niger (91%), Chad (84%), and the Central African Republic (80%).</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>These figures are based on data from over 100 countries drawn from household surveys conducted between 2011 and 2023.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Read more on our article: </span><span><span>Beyond income: understanding poverty through the Multidimensional Poverty Index</span></span><span> →</span></p></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-continue"><span class="body-3-medium-underlined">Continue reading</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="font-size:10px"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><a class="latest-data-insights__card latest-data-insights__card__data-insight" href="/data-insights#fifth-most-recent-data-insight"><div class="image latest-data-insights__card-left"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/053abfe9-1819-48b6-0303-d8723cc87a00/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/053abfe9-1819-48b6-0303-d8723cc87a00/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/053abfe9-1819-48b6-0303-d8723cc87a00/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/053abfe9-1819-48b6-0303-d8723cc87a00/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/053abfe9-1819-48b6-0303-d8723cc87a00/w=1080 1080w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 533px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/053abfe9-1819-48b6-0303-d8723cc87a00/w=1080" alt="This chart titled &quot;The world has passed &#x27;peak child&#x27;&quot; shows the historical and projected population of three age groups: young people under 25 years, young people under 15 years, and children under 5 years. Data spans from 1950 to 2100, based on UN estimates and projections.

The blue line represents the population under 25 years, showing steady growth until around 2050 when it starts to slightly decline.
The red line represents those under 15 years, peaking around 2020, and then gradually declining after that point.
The green line shows children under 5 years, which has largely plateaued since the 1990s and is projected to decrease over time.
The chart indicates that the global number of children has reached its peak, and a long-term decline in younger populations is expected." class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="peak-child-mobile.png" width="1080" height="1080"/></picture></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-right"><p class="data-insight-dateline latest-data-insights__card-dateline"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="calendar-day" class="svg-inline--fa fa-calendar-day data-insight-dateline__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M128 0c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32V64H288V32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32V64h48c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48v48H0V112C0 85.5 21.5 64 48 64H96V32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32zM0 192H448V464c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V192zm80 64c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16v96c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16h96c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16V272c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16H80z"></path></svg>January 13</p><h3 class="latest-data-insights__card-title">The world has passed “peak child”</h3><div class="latest-data-insights__card-body"><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>The number of children in the world has stopped growing. This moment in time was given the term “peak child” by </span><span><span>the late Hans Rosling</span></span><span>.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>The chart shows the estimated number of children under five years old globally up to 2023, with projections from the United Nations out to 2100. The UN thinks the number of under-5s peaked in 2017.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>The chart also shows the number of young people under 15, which peaked in 2021. And the number of under-25s, which may have peaked last year.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>“Peak child” is a sign that the world is on course for “peak population”. The UN expects the world population to start falling before the end of the century.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span><span>Read more about the key insights from the latest UN World Population Prospects</span></span><span> →</span></p></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-continue"><span class="body-3-medium-underlined">Continue reading</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="font-size:10px"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><a class="latest-data-insights__card latest-data-insights__card__data-insight" href="/data-insights#sixth-most-recent-data-insight"><div class="image latest-data-insights__card-left"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/9312fff6-2062-4f2a-cdb3-68a19b838000/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/9312fff6-2062-4f2a-cdb3-68a19b838000/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/9312fff6-2062-4f2a-cdb3-68a19b838000/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/9312fff6-2062-4f2a-cdb3-68a19b838000/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/9312fff6-2062-4f2a-cdb3-68a19b838000/w=1080 1080w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 533px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/9312fff6-2062-4f2a-cdb3-68a19b838000/w=1080" alt="This is an image of a scatter plot comparing the share of adult men and women who smoke any form of tobacco across different countries. The x-axis represents the share of women who smoke, while the y-axis represents the share of men who smoke. Each dot on the graph represents a country, and countries are color-coded by region: Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, Oceania, and South America.

The plot shows that in almost every country, a higher percentage of men smoke compared to women, as most countries fall above the diagonal line labeled &quot;A higher share of men smoke.&quot;" class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="smoking-gender-mobile.png" width="1080" height="1080"/></picture></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-right"><p class="data-insight-dateline latest-data-insights__card-dateline"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="calendar-day" class="svg-inline--fa fa-calendar-day data-insight-dateline__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M128 0c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32V64H288V32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32V64h48c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48v48H0V112C0 85.5 21.5 64 48 64H96V32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32zM0 192H448V464c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V192zm80 64c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16v96c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16h96c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16V272c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16H80z"></path></svg>January 10</p><h3 class="latest-data-insights__card-title">Men are more likely to smoke than women almost everywhere in the world</h3><div class="latest-data-insights__card-body"><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Almost one-quarter of adults in the world smoke tobacco. However, there are significant differences by gender.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>More than one-third of men smoke, while less than one in ten women do.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Men are more likely to smoke in almost every country in the world. You can see this on the chart, which plots the share of men who smoke versus the share of women. Nearly all countries lie above the diagonal line, which means more men smoke than women.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>This data is collated and published by the World Bank. It’s based on adults aged 15 years and older and includes all tobacco products.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span><span>Explore all of our data and research on smoking across the world</span></span><span> →</span></p></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-continue"><span class="body-3-medium-underlined">Continue reading</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="font-size:10px"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><a class="latest-data-insights__card latest-data-insights__card__data-insight" href="/data-insights#seventh-most-recent-data-insight"><div class="image latest-data-insights__card-left"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/269dc2d8-d8f5-44b4-8f70-acd4d5e06300/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/269dc2d8-d8f5-44b4-8f70-acd4d5e06300/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/269dc2d8-d8f5-44b4-8f70-acd4d5e06300/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/269dc2d8-d8f5-44b4-8f70-acd4d5e06300/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/269dc2d8-d8f5-44b4-8f70-acd4d5e06300/w=1080 1080w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 533px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/269dc2d8-d8f5-44b4-8f70-acd4d5e06300/w=1080" alt="This chart presents US cancer death rates in children under five years old, measured in reported annual death rates per 100,000 children. It consists of four graphs:

1. All Malignant Cancers Combined: This graph, shown in black, illustrates a decline in childhood cancer death rates from about 11 per 100,000 in 1950 to around 1.8 in 2021, indicating a six-fold decrease since the 1950s.

2. Leukemia: This graph shows a decrease from around 5 per 100,000 in 1950 to less than 1 in 2021, following a similar declining trend throughout the decades.

3. Brain and Nervous System Cancers: This chart shows some fluctuations but overall a decline from nearly 0.8 per 100,000 in 1950 to about 0.4 in 2021.

4. Lymphomas and Multiple Myeloma: This graph shows fluctuations and a decline from around 0.8 in the late 1950s to less than 0.2 by 2021.

The data is sourced from the WHO Mortality Database (2024), with a note indicating that figures may fluctuate year-by-year due to low numbers." class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="cancer-death-rates-in-children-by-type-mobile.png" width="1080" height="1080"/></picture></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-right"><p class="data-insight-dateline latest-data-insights__card-dateline"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="calendar-day" class="svg-inline--fa fa-calendar-day data-insight-dateline__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M128 0c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32V64H288V32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32V64h48c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48v48H0V112C0 85.5 21.5 64 48 64H96V32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32zM0 192H448V464c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V192zm80 64c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16v96c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16h96c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16V272c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16H80z"></path></svg>January 09</p><h3 class="latest-data-insights__card-title">Childhood cancer deaths in the United States have declined six-fold over the last seventy years</h3><div class="latest-data-insights__card-body"><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Childhood cancer deaths in the United States have fallen dramatically over time, as shown in the chart. It presents annual cancer death rates in children under five years old.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>There has been a six-fold decline since the 1950s.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>This progress reflects decades of collaboration between scientists, clinicians, and public health workers.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>One major success story has been in treating acute lymphoblastic leukemia, a common form of </span><span class="dod-span" data-id="leukemia" tabindex="0"><span>leukemia</span></span><span> in children: researchers identified genetic mutations that caused the disease, making it possible to develop targeted chemotherapy drugs that have greatly improved survival. Surgeries, bone marrow transplants, and other treatments have also played a role.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>We’ve also seen big improvements for other blood cancers, such as </span><span class="dod-span" data-id="lymphoma" tabindex="0"><span>lymphomas</span></span><span> and </span><span class="dod-span" data-id="myeloma" tabindex="0"><span>multiple myeloma</span></span><span>, though progress has been slower for cancers of the brain and nervous system.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span><span>Explore more data on our page on cancer</span></span><span> →</span></p></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-continue"><span class="body-3-medium-underlined">Continue reading</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="font-size:10px"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a></div></div><div class="latest-data-insights__dots"></div></div><div class="data-insights-newsletter grid grid-cols-12-full-width span-cols-14"><div class="data-insights-newsletter__inner span-cols-12 col-start-2"><div class="data-insights-newsletter__left"><svg class="data-insights-newsletter__icon" width="48" height="48" viewBox="0 0 48 48" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle cx="24" cy="24" r="24" fill="#DBE5F0"></circle><rect x="11.2676" y="19.3955" width="25.4664" height="17.3389" rx="2.70925" fill="white"></rect><rect x="15.0605" y="11.8096" width="17.8807" height="13.0041" fill="white"></rect><path d="M11.268 21.107C11.2238 21.2788 11.2002 21.4564 11.2002 21.6383V34.1352C11.2002 34.6771 11.364 35.1768 11.6391 35.5977L20.1865 28.5774L11.2685 21.107H11.268Z" fill="#46688F"></path><path d="M36.731 21.1088L27.8145 28.5774L36.3612 35.5972C36.6386 35.1758 36.8002 34.675 36.8002 34.1352V21.6383C36.8002 21.4575 36.7756 21.2798 36.7303 21.1087L36.731 21.1088Z" fill="#46688F"></path><path d="M15.467 12.8C15.467 12.5061 15.7059 12.2667 16.0004 12.2667H32.0016C32.296 12.2667 32.5349 12.5061 32.5349 12.8V23.2089L36.2026 20.1367C36.098 20.0268 35.9881 19.9207 35.8618 19.8316L33.6018 18.0528V12.8001C33.6018 11.9179 32.8839 11.2 32.0017 11.2H16.0005C15.1183 11.2 14.4004 11.9179 14.4004 12.8001V18.0528L12.1656 19.8129C12.0301 19.9078 11.9122 20.0204 11.8008 20.1377L15.4673 23.2088L15.467 12.8Z" fill="#46688F"></path><path d="M22.9858 27.6593L12.3945 36.358C12.8186 36.638 13.3247 36.8022 13.8678 36.8022H34.1359C34.6805 36.8022 35.1855 36.6358 35.6069 36.3563L25.018 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Raw Measurement Data

Raw Measurement Data

Failures

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URL

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Resolver

Raw Measurement DataDownload JSONExpand All

Raw Measurement Data

Raw Measurement Data