OK
https://www.cfr.org/
Uruguay
Country
Network
April 26, 2025, 11:11 AM UTC
Date & Time
Websites
Websites
Runtime: 1.9s
On April 26, 2025, 11:11 AM UTC, https://www.cfr.org/ was accessible when tested on AS6057 in Uruguay.

Failures

HTTP Experiment
null
DNS Experiment
null
Control
null

DNS Queries

Resolver:
200.40.53.42
Query:
IN A www.cfr.org
Engine:
system
Name
Class
TTL
Type
DATA
@
IN
A
104.18.8.238
@
IN
A
104.18.9.238
Query:
IN AAAA www.cfr.org
Engine:
system
Name
Class
TTL
Type
DATA
@
IN
AAAA
2606:4700::6812:9ee
@
IN
AAAA
2606:4700::6812:8ee

TCP Connections

Connection to 2606:4700::6812:8ee:443 was blocked.
Connection to 2606:4700::6812:9ee:443 was blocked.
Connection to 104.18.8.238:443 succeeded.
Connection to 104.18.9.238:443 succeeded.

HTTP Requests

URL
GET https://www.cfr.org/
Response Headers
Access-Control-Allow-Headers:
x-requested-with, Content-Type, origin, authorization, accept, client-security-token
Access-Control-Allow-Methods:
POST, GET, OPTIONS
Access-Control-Allow-Origin:
*
Access-Control-Max-Age:
1000
Age:
47737
Cache-Control:
max-age=86400, public
Cf-Cache-Status:
DYNAMIC
Cf-Ray:
9365a46f39ac1eb0-EZE
Content-Language:
en
Content-Type:
text/html; charset=UTF-8
Date:
Sat, 26 Apr 2025 11:11:57 GMT
Expires:
Sun, 19 Nov 1978 05:00:00 GMT
Last-Modified:
Fri, 25 Apr 2025 21:56:16 GMT
Link:
<//cdn.cfr.org>; rel=preconnect; crossorigin
Server:
cloudflare
Server-Timing:
cfCacheStatus;desc="DYNAMIC"
Set-Cookie:
__cf_bm=wMFHv0ZmNKzqDFvYxuW4RwWK7iHx3AfcMDX5VtCtdwo-1745665917-1.0.1.1-kw9lg3j2CsrZksW2QkvC_ka.932caObbBXtIH0Bx4QkSZyRkVugWgJ8OBgngTgEWbd1PR4pb8saRdPGpw23U8Jc_piGNHVfLOSl6.3cSqtM; path=/; expires=Sat, 26-Apr-25 11:41:57 GMT; domain=.cfr.org; HttpOnly; Secure; SameSite=None
Strict-Transport-Security:
max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
Vary:
Accept-Encoding, Cookie, X-Consumer-ID, Cookie, Cookie
Via:
1.1 varnish, 1.1 varnish
X-Cache:
HIT, HIT
X-Cache-Hits:
220, 5
X-Consumer-Id:
9e2f7b1b-2018-49c3-abd6-20fa51074864
X-Content-Type-Options:
nosniff
X-Drupal-Cache:
MISS
X-Drupal-Dynamic-Cache:
MISS
X-Generator:
Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)
X-Pantheon-Styx-Hostname:
styx-fe4-a-5f5496676d-kzpdk
X-Robots-Tag:
all
X-Served-By:
cache-chi-klot8100115-CHI, cache-eze2230074-EZE
X-Styx-Req-Id:
1ce6d06a-2220-11f0-a85a-769618bcf7fc
X-Timer:
S1745665917.398382,VS0,VE2
Response Body
<!DOCTYPE html>
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  <head>
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    <meta name="google-site-verification" content="ed21dLJA4q-k2GnrORmTFP8mc97sOOWjd-ZkJbmPCgw" />
    <meta name="msvalidate.01" content="846D62D6CE4E94B1C328BE585F36F0DE" />
    <title>Council on Foreign Relations</title>
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<script>var dataLayer = [[]];</script>
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<meta name="description" content="The Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) is an independent, nonpartisan member organization, think tank, and publisher." />
<link rel="shortlink" href="https://www.cfr.org/" />
<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.cfr.org/" />
<meta property="og:site_name" content="Council on Foreign Relations" />
<meta property="og:image" content="https://www.cfr.org//themes/custom/cfr_theme/src/assets/images/cfr-logo-og.png" />
<meta property="og:street_address" content="58 East 68th Street" />
<meta property="og:locality" content="New York" />
<meta property="og:region" content="NY" />
<meta property="og:postal_code" content="10065" />
<meta property="og:country_name" content="USA" />
<meta property="og:phone_number" content="1.212.434.9400" />
<meta property="og:fax_number" content="1.212.434.9800" />
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" />
<meta name="twitter:site" content="@CFR_org" />
<meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" />
<meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" />
<meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=0" />
<style>div#sliding-popup, div#sliding-popup .eu-cookie-withdraw-banner, .eu-cookie-withdraw-tab {background: #0779bf} div#sliding-popup.eu-cookie-withdraw-wrapper { background: transparent; } #sliding-popup h1, #sliding-popup h2, #sliding-popup h3, #sliding-popup p, #sliding-popup label, #sliding-popup div, .eu-cookie-compliance-more-button, .eu-cookie-compliance-secondary-button, .eu-cookie-withdraw-tab { color: #ffffff;} .eu-cookie-withdraw-tab { border-color: #ffffff;}</style>
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Over the last several decades, governments have collectively pledged to slow global warming. But despite intensified diplomacy, the world is already facing the consequences of climate…</div>
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Throughout its decades of independence, Myanmar has struggled with military rule, civil war, poor governance, and widespread poverty. A military coup in February 2021 dashed hopes for…</div>
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                    <div class="card-description card-article__dek clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">During the 2020 presidential campaign, Joe Biden promised that his administration would make a “historic effort” to reduce long-running racial inequities in health. Tobacco use—the leading cause of p…</div>
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In the decades following World War II, the United States was the undisputed leader of the global economic system. It had the strongest economy in the world and championed a set o…</div>
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                          <span class="card-article__date"> April 12, 2023</span>
            
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                    <div class="card-description card-article__dek clamp-js" data-clamp-lines="4">World Trade Organization (WTO) Director-General Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala discusses the future of global trade and the WTO's role in the rules-based international system. 

The C. Peter McColough Series …</div>
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              with Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala and <a href="https://www.cfr.org/expert/michael-froman" class="card-article__authors-link">Michael Froman</a></span>
                    
            
                          <span class="card-article__date"> April 23, 2025</span>
            
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